Table of Contents
安装准备
安装MySQL
初始化MySQL
管理MySQL安全性
配置Master和Slave之间的复制
Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL的Master/Slave集群安装和配置_MySQL

MySQL的Master/Slave集群安装和配置_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:02 PM
cluster

本文讲述MySQL的Master/Slave集群安装和配置,安装的版本是最新的稳定版本GA 5.6.19。

为了支持有限的HA,我们使用Master/Slave简单的读写分离集群。有限的HA是指当Master不可用时,数据不会丢失,但在Master宕机的情况下是不可写的,必须手工处理故障。如果要支持更高的可用性,可以使用两台Master来做热切换。

Master和Slave的MySQL安装是相同的,只是my.cnf的配置不同,需要配置二进制日志文件复制。

没有特殊说明,命名中带#的为root用户操作,带$的为mysql Linux用户的操作。

安装准备

1. 在安装MySQL前,需要确认下面的系统软件已经安装在Linux中。

软件名称

软件描述

gcc-4.4.7

编程语言编译器

gcc-c++-4.4.7

C++语言编译器

cmake-2.6.4-5

跨平台的开源构建系统

ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208

控制打印控制台屏幕

2. 创建mysql Linux用户

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -g mysql mysql

# passwd mysql

3. 准备安装目录

创建MySQL安装目录,并赋权限给mysql用户:

# mkdir /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19

# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19

# chmod -R 770 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19

4. 创建MySQL数据存储目录:

# mkdir /data

# mkdir /data/mysql

# chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql

5. 授权MySQL解压源码目录/usr/local/src目录的可执行权限给所有用户:

# chmod -R 757 /usr/local/src

安装MySQL

1. 解压缩安装包:

$ cd /usr/local/src

$ tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz

2. 配置MySQL编译参数

$ cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.19

$ cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.19\

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=$MYSQL_DATA_PATH\

-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.19/conf\

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8\

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci\

-DWITH_READLINE=1\

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

备注:

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: 配置MySQL的安装目录。

-DMYSQL_DATADIR: 配置MySQL的数据目录。

-DSYSCONFDIR: 配置MySQL的配置文件目录。

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET: 默认字符集。

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION:设定默认语言的排序规则。

-DWITH_READLINE:支持批量导入mysql数据。

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:使用INNOBASE存储引擎。

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:常应用于日志记录和聚合分析,不支持索引。

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:黑洞存储引擎。

-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:性能模式引擎。

3. 执行make

$ make

$ make install

4. 修改myql用户的环境变量,增加MYSQL_HOME,并把bin加到PATH:

$ vi ~/.bash_profile

在文件中增加蓝色字体部分:

# User specific environment and startup programs

# MySQL home目录

export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.19

 

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

 

export PATH

$ source ~/.bash_profile

初始化MySQL

1. 安装service脚本

# cp /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19/support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld

# chown mysql:mysql/etc/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld

2. 创建mysql权限数据库

$ $MYSQL_HOME/scripts/mysql_install_db--basedir=$MYSQL_HOME --datadir=/data/mysql

3. 创建PID文件目录

$ mkdir $MYSQL_HOME/var

4. 为master配置my.cnf

my.cnf格式不正确,很容易在启动时错误,最好在原有文件的基础上通过vi工具在linux上修改。

如果文件已经损坏,可以通过默认的模板中拷贝:

$ cp $MYSQL_HOME/support-files/my-default.cnf$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf

编辑my.cnf

$ vi $MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf

在文件中增加蓝色字体部分:

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

log_bin=master-bin

log_bin_index=master-bin.index

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

datadir = /data/mysql

port = 3306

# first master server id

server_id = 1

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19/var/master.pid

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES


5. 为slave配置my.cnf

和master的配置文件一样进行修改,但注意文件中的log文件名、datadir和server_id等内容不同。

编辑my.cnf

$ vi $MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf

在文件中增加蓝色字体部分:

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# Replication

# relay-log=slave-relay-bin

# relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

datadir = /data/mysql

port = 3306

# first slave server id of master 1

server_id = 101

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19/var/slave.pid

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES


6. 启动MySQL

启动和停止master和slave都完全一样。

$ service mysqldstart

通过下面命令查看是否启动成功:

$ service mysqldstatus

7. 停止MySQL

$ service mysqld stop

管理MySQL安全性

默认MySQL的root的用户密码为空,为了提高安全性,应该设置root用户一个安全的密码。

在服务器上通过mysql用户打开MySQL客户端:

$ mysql –u root

设置一个安全的密码:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FORroot@localhost=PASSWORD('secret');

配置Master和Slave之间的复制

1. 创建执行复制的MySQL用户

在Master上创建一个复制用户,其中secret为用户的密码:

mysql> CREATEUSER repl_user IDENTIFIED BY 'secret';

并赋给复制权限:

mysql>GRANTREPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl_user;

2. 锁定Master并获取二进制日志位置值

获取读锁:

mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITHREAD LOCK;

显示当前二进制文件名及位置值:

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;

\

3. 通过mysqldump工具获取Master数据快照

在另外一个会话中在Master上执行:

$ mysqldump -u root-p --all-databases --master-data > data_dump.sql

执行后,保存在当前目录中。

4. 释放Master上的读锁

在获取读锁的会话中,执行释放锁命令:

mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;

5. 导入dump数据到Slave中 

通过scp拷贝data_dump.sql到Slave的机器上。

$ scp data_dump.sqlmysql@:/home/mysql

在Slave上通过下面的命令导入到Slave的MySQL中。

$ mysql –u root -p

mysql> source data_dump.sql;

6. 配置Master和Slave之间的复制

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='',

MASTER_USER='repl_user',

MASTER_PASSWORD='secret',

MASTER_PORT = 3306,

MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000003',

MASTER_LOG_POS=881;

上面的MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS需要配置6.2中查询到的信息。是Master的IP或主机名。

启动Slave:

mysql> START SLAVE;

7. 验证Master和Slave的状态

在Master上执行:

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;

\

在Slave上执行:

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS;

\

上面信息显示没有任何错误,Slave_IO_State信息为‘Waitigfor master to send event’,说明复制连接配置OK。

至此,两个MySQL的Master/Slave模式的集群已经部署成功,可以在Master上执行数据更新操作,发现可以正常复制到Slave上。

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