MySQL外键使用详解_MySQL
最近有开始做一个实验室管理系统,因为分了几个表进行存储·所以要维护表间的关联··研究了一下MySQL的外键。
(1)只有InnoDB类型的表才可以使用外键,mysql默认是MyISAM,这种类型不支持外键约束
(2)外键的好处:可以使得两张表关联,保证数据的一致性和实现一些级联操作;
(3)外键的作用:
保持数据一致性,完整性,主要目的是控制存储在外键表中的数据。 使两张表形成关联,外键只能引用外表中的列的值!
(4)建立外键的前提:
两个表必须是InnoDB表类型。
使用在外键关系的域必须为索引型(Index)。
使用在外键关系的域必须与数据类型相似
(5)创建的步骤
指定主键关键字: foreign key(列名)
引用外键关键字: references (外键列名)
(6)事件触发限制:on delete和on update , 可设参数cascade(跟随外键改动), restrict(限制外表中的外键改动),set Null(设空值),set Default(设默认值),[默认]no action
(7)举例
outTable表 主键 id 类型 int
创建含有外键的表:
代码如下:
create table temp(
id int,
name char(20),
foreign key(id) references outTable(id) on delete cascade on update cascade);
说明:把id列 设为外键 参照外表outTable的id列 当外键的值删除 本表中对应的列筛除 当外键的值改变 本表中对应的列值改变。
代码如下:
create table temp( id int, name char(20), foreign key(id) references outTable(id) on delete cascade on update cascade);
缺点:在对MySQL做优化的时候类似查询缓存,索引缓存之类的优化对InnoDB类型的表是不起作用的,还有在数据库整体架构中用得同步复制也是对InnoDB类型的表不生效的,像数据库中核心的表类似商品表请大家尽量不要是使用外键,如果同步肯定要同步商品库的,加上了外键也就没法通不了,优化也对它没作用,岂不得不偿失,做外键的目的在于保证数据完整性,请大家通过程序来实现这个目的而不是外键,切记!
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