Home Database Mysql Tutorial 深入研究mysql中的varchar和limit(容易被忽略的知识)_MySQL

深入研究mysql中的varchar和limit(容易被忽略的知识)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:04 PM
limit mysql varchar

为什么标题要起这个名字呢?commen sence指的是那些大家都应该知道的事情,但往往大家又会会略这些东西,或者对这些东西一知半解,今天我总结下自己在mysql中遇到的一些commen sense类型的问题。

  1、varchar(5)可以存储多少个汉字,多少个字母数字?

  相信有好多人应该跟我一样,对这个已经很熟悉了,根据经验我们能很快的做出决定,比如说用varchar(200)去存储url等等,但是,即使你用了很多次也很熟悉了,也有可能对上面的问题做出错误的回答。

  这个问题我查了好多资料,有的人说是可以存储5个字符,2.5个汉字(每个汉字占用两个字节的话),有的人说这个要区分版本,5.0是个分界限,5.0之前是前面说的那样,5.0之后是可以存储5个“字”,不区分是数字、英文、汉字,果真是这样吗,我们来做个实验:

代码如下:


CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `name` varchar(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `info` char(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`name`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

  可以看出varchar(5)中的5代表的是5个“字”,而不是5个字节(bytes),当我们存储长度超过制定长度的时候会将超过的部分“咔嚓”掉,我的mysql版本是5.6,字符集(charset)utf8和gbk是一样的。

其他版本我电脑上没有,去官方文档看看有没有什么说明,在官方文档中查了半天终于发现了点区别:

下面这段来自http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/char.html,是对mysq4.1的说明:

代码如下:


The CHAR and VARCHAR types are declared with a length that indicates the maximum number of characters you want to store. For example, CHAR(30) can hold up to 30 characters. (Before MySQL 4.1, the length is interpreted as number of bytes.)

再看看其他版本的类似的说明:

代码如下:


The CHAR and VARCHAR types are declared with a length that indicates the maximum number of characters you want to store. For example, CHAR(30) can hold up to 30 characters.

 显而易见了,官方文档说了,mysql版本小于4.1的时候存储的时候符合说法:varchar(5)保存5个bytes,及5个英文数字或者2.5个汉字(假设一个汉字2个字节);

mysql版本大于等于4.1的时候varchar(5)中的5不再是字节数了,应该理解为“字”这里的字的意思是一个汉字和一个英文或者数字“相同对待”

  2、mysql中的limit,你真的会用吗?

  你在项目中怎么使用limit?limit num?还是limit num1,num2?还是其他的?要知道limit使用不同的形式性能差距很大的。

  我自己测试了下,在一张innodb表中去使用limit,表中10000条数据,四个字段,id(int)、time(int)、title(varchar)、body(mediumtext),大小大约170M左右,首先关掉查询缓存,免得查询缓存对查询时间有影响,这里要注意time字段上面加了索引,

代码如下:


SET @@query_cache_type=ON;
SET GLOBAL query_cache_size=0;


  打开Query profiler来查看语句执行所花费的时间

代码如下:


set profiling=1;


  接下来对下面几个语句进行执行

代码如下:


a、SELECT id,TIME,title FROM cnblogs WHERE TIME>=1315646940 ORDER BY TIME ASC LIMIT 2000,10

  b、SELECT id,TIME,title FROM cnblogs WHERE TIME>=1315646940 ORDER BY TIME ASC LIMIT 10

     c、 SELECT id,TIME,title FROM cnblogs ORDER BY TIME ASC LIMIT 3000,10

执行顺序a,b,c,a,b,c,c,a,a(这里需要注意下,虽然我关闭了缓存,但是上一次的查询还是会缓存,这个可以从Query profiler中看出来,所以进行交叉执行),使用下面的语句查看结果

代码如下:


SHOW profiles;

从上面的语句执行时间分析可以看出,不考虑缓存因素,当使用limit的时候,"limit begin,num"这种形式比"limit num"这种形式效率低很多,因此,在使用的时候尽可能的使用第二种形式,比如说要循环获取一个表里面的数据,一次取出来内从放不下,这个时候就要按照id(或者其他排序字段)进行limit了,我们就可以通过获取上次的该字段临界值作为下次取数据的最小值,使用limit num这种形式效率会高很多。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

The relationship between mysql user and database The relationship between mysql user and database Apr 08, 2025 pm 07:15 PM

In MySQL database, the relationship between the user and the database is defined by permissions and tables. The user has a username and password to access the database. Permissions are granted through the GRANT command, while the table is created by the CREATE TABLE command. To establish a relationship between a user and a database, you need to create a database, create a user, and then grant permissions.

MySQL: The Ease of Data Management for Beginners MySQL: The Ease of Data Management for Beginners Apr 09, 2025 am 12:07 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is simple to install, powerful and easy to manage data. 1. Simple installation and configuration, suitable for a variety of operating systems. 2. Support basic operations such as creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating and deleting data. 3. Provide advanced functions such as JOIN operations and subqueries. 4. Performance can be improved through indexing, query optimization and table partitioning. 5. Support backup, recovery and security measures to ensure data security and consistency.

Can I retrieve the database password in Navicat? Can I retrieve the database password in Navicat? Apr 08, 2025 pm 09:51 PM

Navicat itself does not store the database password, and can only retrieve the encrypted password. Solution: 1. Check the password manager; 2. Check Navicat's "Remember Password" function; 3. Reset the database password; 4. Contact the database administrator.

Query optimization in MySQL is essential for improving database performance, especially when dealing with large data sets Query optimization in MySQL is essential for improving database performance, especially when dealing with large data sets Apr 08, 2025 pm 07:12 PM

1. Use the correct index to speed up data retrieval by reducing the amount of data scanned select*frommployeeswherelast_name='smith'; if you look up a column of a table multiple times, create an index for that column. If you or your app needs data from multiple columns according to the criteria, create a composite index 2. Avoid select * only those required columns, if you select all unwanted columns, this will only consume more server memory and cause the server to slow down at high load or frequency times For example, your table contains columns such as created_at and updated_at and timestamps, and then avoid selecting * because they do not require inefficient query se

How to create navicat premium How to create navicat premium Apr 09, 2025 am 07:09 AM

Create a database using Navicat Premium: Connect to the database server and enter the connection parameters. Right-click on the server and select Create Database. Enter the name of the new database and the specified character set and collation. Connect to the new database and create the table in the Object Browser. Right-click on the table and select Insert Data to insert the data.

How to copy tables in mysql How to copy tables in mysql Apr 08, 2025 pm 07:24 PM

Copying a table in MySQL requires creating new tables, inserting data, setting foreign keys, copying indexes, triggers, stored procedures, and functions. The specific steps include: creating a new table with the same structure. Insert data from the original table into a new table. Set the same foreign key constraint (if the original table has one). Create the same index. Create the same trigger (if the original table has one). Create the same stored procedure or function (if the original table is used).

How to view database password in Navicat for MariaDB? How to view database password in Navicat for MariaDB? Apr 08, 2025 pm 09:18 PM

Navicat for MariaDB cannot view the database password directly because the password is stored in encrypted form. To ensure the database security, there are three ways to reset your password: reset your password through Navicat and set a complex password. View the configuration file (not recommended, high risk). Use system command line tools (not recommended, you need to be proficient in command line tools).

How to view mysql How to view mysql Apr 08, 2025 pm 07:21 PM

View the MySQL database with the following command: Connect to the server: mysql -u Username -p Password Run SHOW DATABASES; Command to get all existing databases Select database: USE database name; View table: SHOW TABLES; View table structure: DESCRIBE table name; View data: SELECT * FROM table name;

See all articles