Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL联表查询详解_MySQL

MySQL联表查询详解_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:06 PM

主要讲解left join,right join,inner join的用法分析和比较。

先创建a、b两张表:

建表语句:

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CREATE TABLE `a` (`aID` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`aNum` char(20) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`aID`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

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CREATE TABLE `b` (`bID` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`bName` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`bID`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

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插入数据:

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INSERT INTO aVALUES ( 1, 'a20050111' ) , ( 2, 'a20050112' ) , ( 3, 'a20050113' ) , ( 4, 'a20050114' ) , ( 5, 'a20050115' ) ;INSERT INTO bVALUES ( 1, ' 2006032401' ) , ( 2, '2006032402' ) , ( 3, '2006032403' ) , ( 4, '2006032404' ) , ( 8, '2006032408' ) ;

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1、左连接left join:

执行SQL语句:

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select * from a left join b on a.aID=b.bID

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执行结果:

结果分析:

left join是以A表的记录为基础的,A可以看成左表,B可以看成右表,left join是以左表为准的.换句话说,左表(A)的记录将会全部表示出来,而右表(B)只会显示符合搜索条件的记录(例子中为: A.aID = B.bID).B表记录不足的地方均为NULL.

2、右连接right join:

执行SQL语句:

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select * from a right join b on a.aID=b.bID

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执行结果:

               结果分析:

仔细观察一下,就会发现,和left join的结果刚好相反,这次是以右表(B)为基础的,A表不足的地方用NULL填充.

执行SQL语句:

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select * from a inner join b on a.aID=b.bID

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等同于以下SQL句:

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select * from a,b WHERE a.aID = b.bID

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执行结果:

   

 

结果分析:

    很明显,这里只显示出了 A.aID = B.bID的记录.这说明inner join并不以谁为基础,它只显示符合条件的记录.

LEFT JOIN操作用于在任何的 FROM 子句中,组合来源表的记录。使用 LEFT JOIN 运算来创建一个左边外部联接。左边外部联接将包含了从第一个(左边)开始的两个表中的全部记录,即使在第二个(右边)表中并没有相符值的记录。

语法:FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.field1 compopr table2.field2

说明:table1, table2参数用于指定要将记录组合的表的名称。field1, field2参数指定被联接的字段的名称。且这些字段必须有相同的数据类型及包含相同类型的数据,但它们不需要有相同的名称。

compopr 参数指定关系比较运算符:"=", "", "=" 或 ""。

如果在 INNER JOIN操作中要联接包含Memo 数据类型或 OLE Object 数据类型数据的字段,将会发生错误。

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