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MySQL Order By Rand()效率【转载】

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Release: 2016-06-01 13:07:14
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最近由于需要大概研究了一下MYSQL的随机抽取实现方法。举个例子,要从tablename表中随机提取一条记录,大家一般的写法就是:SELECT * FROM tablename ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1。

但是,后来我查了一下MYSQL的官方手册,里面针对RAND()的提示大概意思就是,在ORDER BY从句里面不能使用RAND()函数,因为这样会导致数据列被多次扫描。但是在MYSQL 3.23版本中,仍然可以通过ORDER BY RAND()来实现随机。

但是真正测试一下才发现这样效率非常低。一个15万余条的库,查询5条数据,居然要8秒以上。查看官方手册,也说rand()放在ORDER BY 子句中会被执行多次,自然效率及很低。

You cannot use a column with RAND() values in an ORDER BY clause, because ORDER BY

would evaluate the column multiple times.

搜索Google,网上基本上都是查询max(id) * rand()来随机获取数据。

SELECT * <br>FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 <br>WHERE t1.id >= t2.id <br>ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 5;
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但是这样会产生连续的5条记录。解决办法只能是每次查询一条,查询5次。即便如此也值得,因为15万条的表,查询只需要0.01秒不到。

下面的语句采用的是JOIN,mysql的论坛上有人使用

SELECT * <br>FROM `table` <br>WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` ) <br>ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
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我测试了一下,需要0.5秒,速度也不错,但是跟上面的语句还是有很大差距。总觉有什么地方不正常。

于是我把语句改写了一下。

SELECT * <br>FROM `table` <br>WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` ) <br>ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
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这下,效率又提高了,查询时间只有0.01秒

最后,再把语句完善一下,加上MIN(id)的判断。我在最开始测试的时候,就是因为没有加上MIN(id)的判断,结果有一半的时间总是查询到表中的前面几行。完整查询语句是:

1 SELECT * FROM `table` <br>2 WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)))<br>3 ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
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SELECT *

FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 

WHERE t1.id >= t2.id 

ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;

最后在php中对这两个语句进行分别查询10次,

前者花费时间 0.147433 秒

后者花费时间 0.015130 秒

看来采用JOIN的语法比直接在WHERE中使用函数效率还要高很多。

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