Table of Contents
怎么配置
配置Master
配置Slave
创建User
获取Master的位置
建立连接
状态检查
Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL的主从复制_MySQL

MySQL的主从复制_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:07 PM

如果数据库只有一份,那就是数据存储的单点,对于要求可靠性的服务来说,就存在一个单点故障的可能性,这个时候,我们就要通过复制镜像,来解决单点故障。复制还有一个额外的好处,就是可以根据主从,做读写分离,这样,就不会在写入的时候,因为锁表,而降低MySQL的并发性能,所以MySQL复制是MySQL中非常基础的一种操作。

怎么配置

配置Master

首先,要做的是确定一个Master,对于充当Master的MySQL Server来说,需要一些特定的配置才能实现,一个是开启binlog,另一个是要设置server-id。

<br> [mysqld]<br> log_bin = mysql-bin<br> server-id = 1<br>

配置Slave

配置Slave,对于Slave来说,要配置的就是一个唯一的server-id。这个id不能跟Master相同,而且,多个Slave也不能相同。配置完毕后重启。

<br> [mysqld]<br> server-id = 2<br>

创建User

在Master创建一个user,专门用于进行复制用途的。因为在Slave上,user和password会被用明文存储,所以,这个user的权限要尽可能的小,一定要不同于超级用户。

<br> create user repl@'your.domain' identified by 'password';<br> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'your.domain';<br>

注意,这里第2句,grant语句,必须是赋权限给*.*的,因为replication slave权限是一个global privileges,所以,必须这样,如果想要限制权限在一个比较小的范围,不想复制所有的db的话,可以在my.cnf增加配置项replicate-do-db和binlog-do-db来限定数据库的范围。

获取Master的位置

在Master的数据库上,知行flush tables with read lock;语句,然后知行show master status;这时候,就可以看到当前的binlog文件名和当前知行的sql语句位置。将文件名和执行的位置都记录下来。

这时候,如果Master的数据库的内容非空的话,应该做的事情,就是使用mysqldump来导出数据。空数据库的话,就没必要做什么事情了。

建立连接

在上文空数据库的情况下,是很简单的,stop slave,直接在slave上使用change master to语句,将各项参数设置完毕后,就可以执行start slave了。

如果Master原来有数据,应该把刚才生成的dump文件,传送到slave上,然后首先stop slave,然后导入dump的数据,然后执行change master to语句,将刚刚dump前记录的bin文件和位置都设置正确,然后才能start slave,其实也不麻烦。

状态检查

在比较理想的世界里,到这里,我们的工作就结束了,但是,世界是不理想的,因为各种原因,这种replication的联系,经常会中断的。所以要时不时检查这个联系。

在Master上可以执行show master status看到的东西和上面看到的是一样的。

在Slave上可以执行show slave status,可以看到很多的信息和错误提示。一般情况下是没错的,一旦发生错误了,就应该从这里获取相应的信息来解决问题。

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