Explore the characteristics of Go language data types

In-depth understanding of the data type characteristics of Go language requires specific code examples

Go language is a modern programming language that combines the advantages of many traditional programming languages. , and added some new features. In the Go language, data type is a very important concept, which determines the type and range of data we can store and process. This article will provide an in-depth introduction to the characteristics of common data types in the Go language and provide specific code examples to help readers better understand.

1. Basic data types

Go language provides some basic data types, including integers (int), floating point numbers (float), Boolean values ​​(bool) and characters (rune). These data types have the following characteristics:

1. Integer type (int): Go language supports signed and unsigned integer types with different digits, such as int8, int16, int32, int64, uint8, uint16, uint32 and uint64. These integer types occupy different spaces in memory, so you can choose the appropriate type based on your actual needs. The following is a sample code:

var num1 int8 = 127
var num2 uint16 = 65535
fmt.Println(num1, num2)

2. Floating point type (float): Go language provides two floating point types, namely float32 and float64. Floating point numbers can represent numbers in decimal or scientific notation. Here is a sample code:

var f1 float32 = 3.14
var f2 float64 = 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944
fmt.Println(f1, f2)

3. Boolean value type (bool): Boolean value is used to represent true or false. There are only two possible values, true and false. The following is a sample code:

var b1 bool = true
var b2 bool = false
fmt.Println(b1, b2)

4. Character type (rune): The character type is a data type used to represent a single Unicode character. In the Go language, the character type is called rune, and its underlying implementation is int32. The following is a sample code:

var c1 rune = 'A'
var c2 rune = '爱'
fmt.Println(c1, c2)

2. Composite data types

In addition to basic data types, Go language also provides some composite data types, including arrays, slices, and maps , structures and interfaces. These data types have the following characteristics:

1. Array type (array): An array is a fixed-size collection of elements of the same type. In Go language, the length of an array is part of the array type, so arrays of different lengths are different types. The following is a sample code:

var arr1 [3]int = [3]int{1, 2, 3}
var arr2 [5]string = [5]string{"apple", "banana", "cherry", "date", "elderberry"}
fmt.Println(arr1, arr2)

2. Slice type (slice): A slice is a dynamic array with an unfixed length that can be expanded or contracted as needed. Slicing is implemented based on arrays, but the length of the slice can be changed dynamically. The following is a sample code:

var slice1 []int = []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fmt.Println(slice1)

3. Mapping type (map): A map is a collection of key-value pairs, also called a dictionary. It is unordered and the keys are unique. The following is a sample code:

var m1 map[string]int = map[string]int{"apple": 1, "banana": 2, "cherry": 3}
fmt.Println(m1)

4. Structure type (struct): Structure is a user-defined data type used to store different types of data. Fields in a structure can use different data types. The following is a sample code:

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

var p1 Person = Person{Name: "Alice", Age: 20}
fmt.Println(p1)

5. Interface type (interface): An interface is an abstract type used to define the behavior of an object. An interface defines a set of method signatures, and the specific implementation is provided by the type that implements the interface. The following is a sample code:

type Animal interface {
    Eat()
    Sleep()
}

type Cat struct {
    Name string
}

func (c Cat) Eat() {
    fmt.Println(c.Name, "eat fish")
}

func (c Cat) Sleep() {
    fmt.Println(c.Name, "sleep on the roof")
}

var a Animal = Cat{Name: "Tom"}
a.Eat()
a.Sleep()

This article introduces the characteristics of common data types in the Go language and provides specific code examples to help readers better understand. For beginners, familiarity with the characteristics of these data types is crucial to writing correct and efficient programs. Through continuous practice and practice, readers can have a deeper understanding of the data types of the Go language and flexibly apply them to their own projects.

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