Windows下 MySQL命令 常用操作_MySQL
Windows平台下MySQL常用操作与命令
(一)客户端连接MySQL数据库服务器
命令格式:mysql -h 数据库服务器IP -u 用户名 -p 数据库名称
安装MySQL数据库完成以后,切换到MySQL安装目录的bin目录下面(例如我的是D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin>),执行如下命令连接MySQL数据库服务器:
D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin>mysql -h localhost -u root -p
提示输入登录密码,然后登录成功,如图所示:
(二)显示当前数据库服务器上所有的数据库
显示当前数据库服务器上所有的数据库名称列表,执行如下命令:
mysql> show databases;
可以看到,所有的数据库以列表的形式显示出来,如图所示:
(三)选中某个指定的数据库
命令格式:use 数据库名称
选中某个指定的数据库(例如存在一个名称为blog的数据库),可以执行如下命令:
mysql> use blog;
执行结果如图所示:
(四)查询选定的数据库中存在的所有表
命令格式:show tables
或者
show tables from 数据库名称
使用use命令指定了blog数据库,执行如下命令:
mysql> show tables;
显示数据库blog中的所有表,如图所示:
如果之前并没有执行use命令选定指定的数据库,要查看某个数据库中的表,可以执行如下命令:
mysql> show tables from blog;
from关键字相当于use,指定某个数据库,如图所示:
(五)查看数据库中某个表结构
命令格式:describe 表名
假设数据库为blog,要查看表jblog_category的结构,执行如下命令:
mysql> describe jblog_category;
如图所示:
或者用SHOW CREATE TABLE tablename/G;
(六)导出某个数据库,保存为SQL脚本文件
命令格式:mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名称 > SQL脚本文件名称.sql
或者
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名称 > SQL脚本文件所在绝对路径
例如导出数据example为example.sql脚本,可以执行如下命令:
D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin>mysqldump -u root -p example > example.sql
如图所示:
可以在目录D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin>下看到example.sql脚本文件。
(七)通过SQL脚本文件导入指定的数据库
命令格式:source SQL脚本文件名称.sql
或者
source SQL脚本文件所在绝对路径
准备工作:先把exmple数据库删除,再重新导入,如图所示:
可以看到,MySQL数据库服务器上已经没有example这个数据库了。
假如SQL脚本文件为example.sql在当前D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin目录下,执行如下命令导入数据库:
mysql> create database example;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> use example;
Database changed
mysql> source example.sql
如图所示:
然后执行,就可以看到,sql脚本文件中,包括建表,插入数据等等,将数据全部导入到指定的数据库example中。
另外,source命令可以指定绝对路径,如:D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin/example.sql也是可以的。
(八)另一种通过SQL脚本文件还原数据的方法
命令格式:
mysql -h 数据库服务器IP -u 用户名 -p 数据库名称
或者
mysql -h 数据库服务器IP -u 用户名 -p 数据库名称
假设存在导出的备份脚本文件example.sql,现在创建一个example数据库,然后执行如下命令进行还原:
D:/AppServ/MySQL/bin>mysql -h localhost -u root -p example
可以看到提示输出口令,然后执行还原,如图所示:

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