MySQL DELETE语句和TRUNCATE TABLE语句的区别_MySQL
在MySQL中有两种方法可以删除数据,一种是MySQL DELETE语句,另一种是MySQL TRUNCATE TABLE语句。DELETE语句可以通过WHERE对要删除的记录进行选择。而使用TRUNCATE TABLE将删除表中的所有记录。因此,DELETE语句更灵活。
如果要清空表中的所有记录,可以使用下面的两种方法:
DELETE FROM table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
其中第二条记录中的TABLE是可选的。
如果要删除表中的部分记录,只能使用DELETE语句。
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE ;
如果DELETE不加WHERE子句,那么它和TRUNCATE TABLE是一样的,但它们有一点不同,那就是DELETE可以返回被删除的记录数,而TRUNCATE TABLE返回的是0。
如果一个表中有自增字段,使用TRUNCATE TABLE和没有WHERE子句的DELETE删除所有记录后,这个自增字段将起始值恢复成1.如果你不想这样做的话,可以在DELETE语句中加上永真的WHERE,如WHERE 1或WHERE true。
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE 1;
上面的语句在执行时将扫描每一条记录。但它并不比较,因为这个WHERE条件永远为true。这样做虽然可以保持自增的最大值,但由于它是扫描了所有的记录,因此,它的执行成本要比没有WHERE子句的DELETE大得多。
DELETE和TRUNCATE TABLE的最大区别是DELETE可以通过WHERE语句选择要删除的记录。但执行得速度不快。而且还可以返回被删除的记录数。而TRUNCATE TABLE无法删除指定的记录,而且不能返回被删除的记录。但它执行得非常快。
和标准的SQL语句不同,MySQL DELETE语句支持ORDER BY和LIMIT子句,通过这两个子句,我们可以更好地控制要删除的记录。如当我们只想删除WHERE子句过滤出来的记录的一部分,可以使用LIMIB,如果要删除后几条记录,可以通过ORDER BY和LIMIT配合使用。假设我们要删除users表中name等于"Mike"的前6条记录。可以使用如下的DELETE语句:
DELETE FROM users WHERE name = 'Mike' LIMIT 6;
一般MySQL并不确定删除的这6条记录是哪6条,为了更保险,我们可以使用ORDER BY对记录进行排序。
DELETE FROM users WHERE name = 'Mike' ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 6;

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