MySQL数据备份与恢复_MySQL
一.备份数据的方式
MySQL参数说明:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99673.htm
MySQL管理之数据备份及恢复http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99674.htm
1.物理备份
1.1冷备 cp tar等
1.2热备 mysqlhotcopy 只能备份存储引擎是myisam的表,依赖perl-DBD-MySQL
2.逻辑备份:用mysql自己提供的备份命令或第三放方软件提供的备份命令,备份创建库、表、和产生表记录时的sql语句。
二.数据备份策略:
1.完整备份 备份数据库服务器上的所有库所有表。
2.差异备份 备份自完整备份后所有产生的新数据。
3.增量备份 备份自上一次备份后所有产生的新数据
生产环境一般采用 完整备份+增量备份 或者 完整备份+差异备份
三.逻辑备份与恢复
1.mysqldump命令做数据的完整备份
命令格式:
mysqldump -h数据库服务器ip -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 > 目录名/备份文件名
数据库名的表示方式:
--all-databases 备份数据库服务器上的所有库所有表
数据库名 对某个库做完整备份
数据库名 表 对指定库里的指定表做完整备份
-B 数据库名1 数据库名2 数据库N 对某几个库做完整备份
#目录名 :若备份时不写目录名备份文件就存放在,执行备份命令时 所在的目录下
#备份文件名 :可以自己定义,要有标识性,约定俗成mysql的备份文件都以.sql 结尾
若文件重名,上一次备份会被当前备份覆盖。
# 备份用来连接数据库服务器的用户,要有被备份的目标库有相应的权限才可以。
2.恢复完整备份数据
命令格式:
mysql -h数据库服务器ip -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名
mysql -h数据库服务器ip -u用户名 -p密码
# 数据库名:可选项,当备份文件中有 create database,use sql语句时,恢复数据时可以不指定数据库名。
# 用完整备份文件 恢复数据,只能把数据恢复到备份时的状态,完整备份之后产生的信息数据是无法恢复。
四.使用binlog日志做增量备份与数据恢复
1.mysql日志类型
mysql共有4种类型日志:
binlog日志(二进制日志) 记录除查询之外sql语句。
错误日志 记录mysql服务在启动和运行过程中产生的错误。
查询日志 记录执行的所有的sql操作。
慢查询日志 只记录超过指定时间,显示查询结果的sql语句。默认超时时间是10秒。
#默认情况下,mysql只开启错误日志。
#默认情况下日志都存放在数据库目录下。每种日志文件都默认命名方式。
2.启用binlog日志
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_bin=/binlogdir/filename //设置存放binlog目录和文件名,自定义目录必须让mysql用户有写入权限,目录不设置则默认在数据库目录/var/lib/mysql/下,文件名不设置则默认为:主机名-bin.000001
max-binlog-size=100M //设置binlog日志文件的大小,不设置则默认为500M自动生成第二个binlog日志文件
service mysql restart
# 对所有库操作的使用数据发送改变的sql语句都会写进当前编号最大的binlog日志文件里。
# localhost-bin.index 记录当前已有binlog日志文件
3.分析binlog日志文件内容。
binlog日志记录sql语句的方式:
① 时间方式
② 字符偏移量方式
mysqlbinlog [选项] binlog日志文件名
选项:
偏移量
--start-position=100 起始位置
--stop-position=1200 结束位置
时间点:
--start-datetime="YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS" 起始时间
--stop-datetime="YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS" 结束时间
# 不加任何选项则默认查看全部日志内容
4.手动生成新的binlog日志文件方式:
① mysql>flush logs;
② #mysql -h数据库服务器IP -u用户名 -p密码 -e "flush logs"
③ #mysqldump -h数据库服务器IP -u用户名 -p密码 --flush-logs 数据库名> /目录名/xxx.sql
④ service mysql restart //一般不用
5.增量备份数据恢复
原理:使用mysqlbinlog提取历史sql操作管道给mysql命令重做
命令格式:
mysqlbinlog [选项] binlog日志文件名 | mysql -h数据库服务器ip -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名
批量恢复增量备份:
mysqlbinlog `cat localhost-bin.index`| mysql -h数据库服务器ip -u用户名 -p密码 [数据库名]
6.清理binlog日志
删除早于指定编号的binlog日志文件:
mysql> PURGE MASTER LOGS TO 'binlog日志文件名';
删除所有binlog日志文件,重建新日志:
mysql> RESET MASTER;
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/102266p2.htm

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