浅析MySQL各种索引_MySQL
MySQL各种索引(因为是浅析大多都不刻意区分搜索引擎)
INDEX(普通索引):最基本的索引,没有任何限制
ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD INDEX index_name ( `column` )
UNIQUE(唯一索引):与"普通索引"类似,不同的就是:索引列的值必须唯一,但允许有空值。
ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD UNIQUE (`column`)
注:创建唯一索引的目的不是为了提高访问速度,而只是为了避免数据出现重复。唯一索引可以有多个但索引列的值必须唯一,索引列的值允许有空值。如果能确定某个数据列将只包含彼此各不相同的值,在为这个数据列创建索引的时候就应该使用关键字UNIQUE,把它定义为一个唯一索引。
PRIMARY KEY(主键索引):它 是一种特殊的唯一索引,不允许有空值。
ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD PRIMARY KEY ( `column` )
FULLTEXT(全文索引):仅可用于 MyISAM 表,针对较大的数据,生成全文索引很耗时好空间。
ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD FULLTEXT ( `column` )
COMBINED(组合索引):为了更多的提高mysql效率可建立组合索引,遵循”最左前缀“原则。
ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD INDEX index_name ( `column1`, `column2`, `column3` )
使用索引应该知道的事:
1、虽然索引大大提高了查询速度,同时却会降低更新表的速度,如对表进行INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE。因为更新表时,MySQL不仅要保存数据,还要保存一下索引文件。
2、建立索引会占用磁盘空间的索引文件。一般情况这个问题不太严重,但如果你在一个大表上创建了多种组合索引,索引文件的会膨胀很快。
3、索引只是提高效率的一个因素,如果你的MySQL有大数据量的表,就需要花时间研究建立最优秀的索引,或优化查询语句。
建索引之后你要保护索引良好的执行:
请参照保护索引要注意的问题这篇文字。

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