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使用Amoba 实现MySQL DB 读写分离

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Release: 2016-06-01 13:13:50
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Amoeba(变形虫)项目是一个开源框架,于2008年开始发布一款 Amoeba for Mysql软件;

这个软件致力于MySQL的分布式数据库前端代理层,它主要在应用层访问MySQL的时候充当SQL路由功能,专注于分布式数据库代理层(Database Proxy)开发;位于 Client、DB Server(s)之间,对客户端透明;

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1 简介

2 准备

   2.1 时间同步

   2.2 配置MySQL主从复制架构

3 ameoba安装配置

   3.1 安装配置JDK

   3.2 安装ameoba

   3.3 配置ameoba

   3.4 使用验证

   3.5 后期扩展

4 问题记录

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1 简介

Amoeba(变形虫)项目是一个开源框架,于2008年开始发布一款 Amoeba for Mysql软件;

这个软件致力于MySQL的分布式数据库前端代理层,它主要在应用层访问MySQL的时候充当SQL路由功能,专注于分布式数据库代理层(Database Proxy)开发;位于 Client、DB Server(s)之间,对客户端透明;

具有负载均衡、高可用性、SQL 过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的请求到目标数据库、可并发请求多台数据库并合并结果;

通过Amoeba你能够完成多数据源的高可用、负载均衡、数据切片的功能,目前Amoeba已在很多企业的生产线上面使用;

2 准备

2.1 时间同步

# crontab -e# Dscrip: Time Sync# CTime: 2014.03.23*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.0.1 &>/dev/null
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2.2 配置MySQL主从复制架构

详见博文"MariaDB 主从复制"

3 ameoba安装配置

3.1 安装配置JDK

chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.binvi /etc/profile.d/java.sh # 采用bin文件安装jdkexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latestexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
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3.2 安装ameoba

mkdir /usr/local/amoebatar xf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba # 使用二进制程序文件安装amoebacd /usr/local/amoebabin/amoeba start # 前台运行nohup /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start & # 后台运行mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -P8066 # amoeba默认监听端口为8066
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3.3 配置ameoba

cd /usr/local/amoeba/confvi ameoba.xml # 前端定义配置文件# 修改ameoba前端监听端口<service name="Amoeba for Mysql" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ServerableConnectionManager">	<property name="port">3306</property> # 默认端口是8066,修改为3306,便于实现前端程序连接数据库的透明性# 修改连接amoeba接口的认证信息<property name="authenticator">	<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator"> 		<property name="user">root</property> 		<property name="password">mypass</property> # 添加登录密码# 查询路由设置<queryrouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">	<property name="ruleLoader">	 		<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.route.TableRuleFileLoader">			<property name="ruleFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property>			<property name="functionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property>		</bean>	</property>	<property name="sqlFunctionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property>	<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>	<property name="defaultPool">master</property> # 设定默认节点	<property name="writePool">master</property>	# 设定可写节点,节点定义见dbServers.xml文件	<property name="readPool">readservers</property> # 设定只读池,可配置多个slave节点	<property name="needParse">true</property></queryrouter>vi dbServers.xml # 后端节点配置文件# 定义抽象服务器,为每个后端MySQL服务器提供默认连接配置<dbserver name="abstractServer" abstractive="true">	<factoryconfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">		<property name="manager">${defaultManager}</property>		<property name="sendBufferSize">64</property>		<property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>		<property name="port">3406</property>		<property name="schema">test</property>		<property name="user">root</property>		<strong><property name="password">magedu</property></strong>	</factoryconfig># 定义后端MySQL的IP地址,一个master,一个slave<dbserver name="master" parent="abstractServer">	<factoryconfig>		<property name="ipAddress">192.168.0.45</property>	</factoryconfig></dbserver><dbserver name="slave" parent="abstractServer">	<factoryconfig>		<property name="ipAddress">192.168.0.46</property>	</factoryconfig></dbserver># 定义虚拟服务器组,即只读池readservers<dbserver name="readservers" virtual="true">	<poolconfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">		<property name="loadbalance">1</property>		<property name="poolNames">master,slave</property>	</poolconfig></dbserver></dbserver></bean></property></service>
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3.4 使用验证

在主库上授权:

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to'root'@'172.16.%.%' identified by 'magedu';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to'root'@'%mysql.com' identified by 'magedu'; # 这里的密码应该与dbServer.xml中的数据库密码一致Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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# 登录验证[root@mysql conf]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -P3306Enter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or /g.Your MySQL connection id is 2097086015Server version: 5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000030 |326 |||+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]># 读写验证[root@mysql conf]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -P3306Enter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or /g.Your MySQL connection id is 2097086015Server version: 5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> create database amoeba_test;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)MySQL [(none)]>[root@mysql bin]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -P3406Enter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or /g.Your MariaDB connection id is 33Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| amoeba_test|| information_schema || mysql|| performance_schema || test |+--------------------+9 rows in set (0.01 sec)MariaDB [(none)]># 从amoeba接口登录创建数据库amoeba_test后,再从主库的接口中去查询数据库已创建,说明写入确实是落在了主库节点上;# 若要验证ameoba对于读操作的调度,则需要暂时停止从库的复制操作,然后在主库上更新数据,这样从ameoba读取数据将出现不一致的情况;
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3.5 后期扩展

利用MMM双主复制架构+Amoeba代理,可以实现对MySQL的高可用性和高性能;

关于MMM的内容参加博文"MySQL Scale Out"

4 问题记录

现象:使用mysql -uroot -p -P8066命令始终无法连接进入ameoba的配置接口,一直都是进入mysql数据库的配置接口

原因:在测试环境下,ameoba和mysql的主库都部署在同一台主机上,当启动ameoba服务后,即使指定-P8066连接,mysql客户端还是默认采用可被识别的socket文件(/tmp/mysql.sock)连接,同样指定-hlocalhost也是一样的;

当使用mysql命令连接mysqld时:

  • 连接主机为localhost或不指定时,mysql会采用Unix Socket的连接方式;

  • 连接主机为127.0.0.1时,mysql会采用TCP的方式连接;

解决方法:指定-h127.0.0.1连接即可,即mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -P8066

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