Learn how to use Go language techniques with various data structures

To master the usage skills of various data structures in Go language, specific code examples are required

In Go language, data structures are a very important part of the program. By using data structures appropriately, we can improve the efficiency and readability of our programs. This article will introduce various data structures commonly used in Go language and give specific code examples.

1. Array (Array)

An array is a collection of elements with the same data type. In Go language, the length of the array is fixed, and the index of the array starts from 0. The following is an example of using an array:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    var arr [5]int //定义一个长度为5的整型数组
    arr[0] = 1
    arr[1] = 2
    arr[2] = 3
    arr[3] = 4
    arr[4] = 5

    fmt.Println(arr) //[1 2 3 4 5]
}

2. Slice

Slice is one of the flexible and powerful data structures in the Go language. It can dynamically increase or decrease the length, and elements can be accessed by index. Here is an example of using slicing:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} //定义一个切片

    fmt.Println(arr[0]) //访问切片的第一个元素
    fmt.Println(arr[1:4]) //访问切片的第2至第4个元素
    fmt.Println(arr[:3]) //访问切片的前3个元素
    fmt.Println(arr[2:]) //访问切片的第3个至最后一个元素

    arr = append(arr, 6) //向切片中添加一个元素
    fmt.Println(arr) //[1 2 3 4 5 6]
}

3. Map

A map is a collection of key-value pairs where each key can appear only once. In Go language, mapped values ​​can be of any type. The following is an example of using mapping:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    m := make(map[string]int) //定义一个映射

    m["apple"] = 1
    m["banana"] = 2
    m["orange"] = 3

    fmt.Println(m) //map[apple:1 banana:2 orange:3]
    fmt.Println(m["banana"]) //2

    delete(m, "banana") //删除一个键值对

    fmt.Println(len(m)) //2
}

4. LinkedList

A linked list is a commonly used data structure that consists of a set of nodes. Each node Contains data and a pointer to the next node. The following is an example of using a linked list:

package main

import "fmt"

type Node struct {
    data int
    next *Node
}

func main() {
    head := &Node{data: 1} //创建一个头节点

    node1 := &Node{data: 2} //创建一个数据为2的节点
    head.next = node1

    node2 := &Node{data: 3} //创建一个数据为3的节点
    node1.next = node2

    fmt.Println(head.data) //1
    fmt.Println(head.next.data) //2
    fmt.Println(head.next.next.data) //3
}

5. Stack

The stack is a last-in-first-out (LIFO) data structure that can only be processed at one end. Insertion and deletion operations. The following is an example of using the stack:

package main

import "fmt"

type Stack struct {
    elements []int
}

func (s *Stack) Push(element int) {
    s.elements = append(s.elements, element)
}

func (s *Stack) Pop() (int, error) {
    if len(s.elements) == 0 {
        return 0, fmt.Errorf("stack is empty")
    }

    temp := s.elements[len(s.elements)-1]
    s.elements = s.elements[:len(s.elements)-1]

    return temp, nil
}

func main() {
    s := &Stack{}

    s.Push(1)
    s.Push(2)
    s.Push(3)

    fmt.Println(s.Pop()) //3
    fmt.Println(s.Pop()) //2
    fmt.Println(s.Pop()) //1
    fmt.Println(s.Pop()) //stack is empty
}

The above are commonly used data structures in the Go language and their usage techniques. By using these data structures appropriately, we can develop and maintain programs more efficiently. I hope the code examples in this article can deepen your understanding of various data structures in the Go language.

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