Django Getting Started Guide: Mastering Python Web Development Tools

Django is a Web application framework based on the Python language. It simplifies the process of Web application development and supports the rapid development of high-quality, easy-to-maintain Web applications. This article will provide you with an introductory guide to Django to help you quickly master this powerful web development tool.

1. Install Django

First you need to install Django, which can be installed through pip. Open the terminal and enter the following command:

pip install Django

After the installation is completed, you can Enter the following command in the terminal to verify whether Django is installed successfully:

python -m django --version

If a Django version number similar to "3.2.5" is returned, it means you have successfully installed Django.

2. Create a Django project

After installing Django, you need to create a project to start your web application development journey. Open a command terminal and enter the following command in the directory where you want to save the project:

django-admin startproject mysite

mysite is the name of your project, which is automatically generated based on Django's standard directory structure, including a file named " manage.py" file and a folder named "mysite". This folder is the root directory of your Django project.

3. Run the Django development server

Next, open the command terminal in the root directory of the Django project and enter the following command to start the Django development server:

python manage.py runserver

This At this time, your Django project is already running on the local server. You can enter "http://127.0.0.1:8000/" in the browser to view it.

4. Create a Django application

In Django, an application includes a set of related models (data structures), views (functions that handle requests), and templates (rendered output HTML ). Now let's create a new Django application.

Open a command terminal in the root directory of the Django project and enter the following command:

python manage.py startapp myapp

myapp is the name of your application, which is also automatically generated based on Django's standard directory structure.

5. Write the view function

In Django, the view function processes the request and generates the HTML content of the web page. Open the myapp/views.py file and enter the following code:

from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, Django!")

This view function simply returns a "Hello, Django!" message, which we will view in the browser later.

6. Writing URLconf

In Django, URLconf is a module that maps URLs to views. Open the urls.py file in the myapp directory and enter the following code:

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('hello/', views.hello, name='hello'),
]

This URLconf maps the /hello/ path to the view function hello() we just wrote. The second parameter of the path() function is the name of the view function we just defined.

7. Configure project routing

Now that we have created the route for myapp, we now need to add it to the total route of the Django project. Open the mysite/urls.py file and modify it as follows:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('myapp/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

This routing module is under the "/myapp/" path and calls the routing file of myapp through the include() function.

8. Test the website

Now you are ready to test your Django website! Run the Django development server (if it's not already started) and type "http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/hello/" into your browser. You will see the "Hello, Django!" message.

We have successfully completed the development of a Django application, but this is just a very simple example. In a real web application, you need more views, forms, database models, templates, static files, etc. However, through the tutorials in this article, you already know how to create web applications with Django, and you know where to get more information and documentation.

All code examples in this article are for demonstration purposes only and are for reference only. Please make adjustments according to your needs during actual development.

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