Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL逻辑备份恢复_MySQL

MySQL逻辑备份恢复_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:14 PM
oracle

一、MySQL逻辑备份

1. 使用mysqldump命令生成INSERT语句备份

此方法类似于Oracle的expdp/exp工具

语法如下:

mysqldump [arguments] > file_name.sql

使用帮助:

[root@gc ~]# mysqldump

Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]

OR    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]

OR    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]

For more options, use mysqldump --help

备份实例:

备份所有数据库

# mysqldump -uroot -proot --all-database > /tmp/dumpback/alldb.sql

备份某些数据库

# mysqldump -uroot -proot --database sqoop hive > /tmp/dumpback/sqoop_hive.sql

备份某数据库中的表

# mysqldump -uroot -proot sqoop tb1 > /tmp/dumpback/sqoop_tb1.sql

查看备份内容:

[root@gc dumpback]# more sqoop_tb1.sql

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.24, for Linux (x86_64)

--

-- Host: localhost    Database: sqoop

-- ------------------------------------------------------

-- Server version      5.5.24

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

......

--

-- Table structure for table `tb1`

--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb1`;

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client    = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;

CREATE TABLE `tb1` (

  `table_schema` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

  `table_name` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

  `table_type` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ''

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--

-- Dumping data for table `tb1`

--

LOCK TABLES `tb1` WRITE;

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb1` DISABLE KEYS */;

INSERT INTO `tb1` VALUES ('information_schema','CHARACTER_SETS','SYSTEM VIEW')

......

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb1` ENABLE KEYS */;

UNLOCK TABLES;

/*!40103 SETTIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE*/;

.....

-- Dump completed on 2013-03-25 18:26:53

注意事项:

如何保证数据备份的一致性?

要想保证数据的一致性可以通过以下两种方法做到:

第一、同一时刻取出所有数据

对于事务支持的存储引擎,如Innodb 或者BDB 等,可以通过控制将整个备份过程在同一个事务中,使用“--single-transaction”选项。

--------------------------------------分割线 --------------------------------------

MySQL管理之使用XtraBackup进行热备http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99671.htm

MySQL开源备份工具Xtrabackup备份部署http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85627.htm

MySQL Xtrabackup备份和恢复http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-12/50275.htm

用XtraBackup实现MySQL的主从复制快速部署【主不锁表】http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/71919p2.htm

安装和使用 Percona 推出的 Xtrabackup 备份 MySQLhttp://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/44451.htm

--------------------------------------分割线 --------------------------------------

例如:

# mysqldump --single-transaction test > test_backup.sql

第二、数据库中的数据处于静止状态

通过锁表参数

--lock-tables 每次锁定一个数据库的表,此参数是默认为true(见上面备份内容实例);

--lock-all-tables 一次锁定所有的表,适用于dump的表分别处于各个不同的数据库中的情况

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101626p2.htm

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