Introduction to Python implementation of particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO)
粒子群优化算法(PSO)是一种强大的元启发式算法,受群体行为启发,如鱼和鸟群。
粒子群算法概念
假设有一群鸟,它们都感到饥饿,正在寻找食物。这些鸟可以与计算系统中渴望资源的任务相关联。在它们所在的地方,只有一种食物颗粒,这种食物颗粒可以代表资源。
众所周知,任务很多,资源有限。因此,这已成为与特定计算环境中类似的条件。
现在,鸟类不知道食物颗粒隐藏在何处。在这种情况下,应该如何设计寻找食物颗粒的算法。
鸟类寻找食物的方式可以用来设计一种称为粒子群优化算法(PSO)的算法。如果每只鸟都试图独自寻找食物,可能会造成严重破坏并浪费大量时间。尽管鸟类不知道食物颗粒确切的位置,但它们知道与食物颗粒的距离。因此,最佳的寻找食物颗粒的方法是跟随离食物颗粒最近的鸟类。PSO算法模拟了鸟类的这种行为,并在计算环境中应用。这种算法的应用可以有效地解决一些优化问题。
Python实现粒子群算法
设定问题参数:维数(d)、下限(minx)、上限(maxx)
算法超参数:粒子数(N)、最大迭代次数(max_iter)、惰性(w)、粒子的认知(C1)、群体的社会影响(C2)
Step1:随机初始化N个粒子Xi(i=1,2,...,n)的Swarm种群
Step2:选择超参数值w,c1和c2
Step3:
For Iter in range(max_iter): For i in range(N): a.Compute new velocity of ith particle swarm<i>.velocity= w*swarm<i>.velocity+ r1*c1*(swarm<i>.bestPos-swarm<i>.position)+ r2*c2*(best_pos_swarm-swarm<i>.position) b.If velocity is not in range[minx,max]then clip it if swarm<i>.velocity<minx: swarm<i>.velocity=minx elif swarm<i>.velocity[k]>maxx: swarm<i>.velocity[k]=maxx c.Compute new position of ith particle using its new velocity swarm<i>.position+=swarm<i>.velocity d.Update new best of this particle and new best of Swarm if swarm<i>.fitness<swarm<i>.bestFitness: swarm<i>.bestFitness=swarm<i>.fitness swarm<i>.bestPos=swarm<i>.position if swarm<i>.fitness<best_fitness_swarm best_fitness_swarm=swarm<i>.fitness best_pos_swarm=swarm<i>.position End-for End-for Step 4:Return best particle of Swarm
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