Common data structures and usage in Golang standard library

Commonly used data structures and applications in the Golang standard library

Introduction:
Golang is a concise and efficient programming language, and its standard library contains various Commonly used data structures, such as arrays, slices, maps, stacks, etc. This article will introduce commonly used data structures and their applications in the Golang standard library, and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Array:
An array is a fixed-size data structure that stores a series of elements of the same type. Arrays in Golang are defined as follows:

var arrayName [size]dataType

Among them, arrayName is the name of the array, size is the size of the array, and dataType is the data type of the array elements. The following is an example:

var numbers [5]int

We can access the elements of the array through subscripts. The subscripts start from 0. The following is an example:

numbers[0] = 10

With the above code, we access the elements of the array numbers The first element is assigned a value of 10.

2. Slice:
A slice is a variable-length data structure that is built around the concept of dynamic arrays. Slices can automatically expand and provide convenient operation methods. Slices in Golang are defined as follows:

var sliceName []dataType

Among them, sliceName is the name of the slice, and dataType is the data type of the slice element. Here is an example:

var fruits []string

We can create a slice using the built-in make function as shown below:

numbers := make([]int, 5)

With the above code, we create a slice numbers with length 5 and elements The type is int.

Slices support accessing and modifying elements by index, the following is an example:

numbers[0] = 10

We can also use the append function to add elements to the slice, as follows:

numbers = append(numbers, 20)

3. Map:
Map is an unordered collection of key-value pairs, in which each element consists of a unique key and a corresponding value. The mapping in Golang is defined as follows:

var mapName map[keyType]valueType

Among them, mapName is the name of the mapping, keyType is the data type of the key, and valueType is the data type of the value. The following is an example:

var fruits map[string]int

We can use the make function to create a map as follows:

numbers := make(map[string]int)

With the above code, we create a map numbers where the data type of the key is string , the data type of the value is int.

We can use keys to access values ​​in the map. The following is an example:

numbers["apple"] = 3

With the above code, we set the value corresponding to the key "apple" to 3.

4. Stack:
The stack is a special data structure in which elements are operated in last-in-first-out (LIFO) order. There is no built-in stack data structure in Golang, but we can simulate the behavior of the stack through slicing. The following is an example:

type Stack []int

func (s *Stack) Push(value int) {
    *s = append(*s, value)
}

func (s *Stack) Pop() (int, error) {
    if len(*s) == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("stack is empty")
    }
    index := len(*s) - 1
    value := (*s)[index]
    *s = (*s)[:index]
    return value, nil
}

Through the above code, we define a slice of Stack type and implement the Push and Pop methods to simulate the push and pop operations of the stack.

5. Summary:
This article introduces common data structures and their applications in the Golang standard library, including arrays, slices, maps and stacks. By understanding and using these data structures, we can program more efficiently and solve various practical problems.

The above is an introduction to common data structures and applications in the Golang standard library. I hope it will be helpful to readers. If you want to learn more about the detailed implementation and more usage methods of these data structures, it is recommended to refer to Golang official documentation and other related resources.

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