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Mysql学习之十二:JDBC连接数据库之DriverManager方法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:16 PM
java program virtual machine Connect to the database

  1. JDBC连接数据库   
  2. 创建一个以JDBC连接数据库的程序,包含7个步骤:   
  3.  1、加载JDBC驱动程序:   
  4.     在连接数据库之前,首先要加载想要连接的数据库的驱动到JVM(Java虚拟机),   
  5.     这通过java.lang.Class类的静态方法forName(String  className)实现。   
  6.     例如:   
  7.     try{   
  8.     //加载MySql的驱动类   
  9.     Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver") ;   
  10.     }catch(ClassNotFoundException e){   
  11.     System.out.println("找不到驱动程序类 ,加载驱动失败!");   
  12.     e.printStackTrace() ;   
  13.     }   
  14.    成功加载后,会将Driver类的实例注册到DriverManager类中。   
  15.  2、提供JDBC连接的URL   
  16.    连接URL定义了连接数据库时的协议、子协议、数据源标识。   
  17.     书写形式:协议:子协议:数据源标识   
  18.     协议:在JDBC中总是以jdbc开始   
  19.     子协议:是桥连接的驱动程序或是数据库管理系统名称。   
  20.     数据源标识:标记找到数据库来源的地址与连接端口。   
  21.     例如:(MySql的连接URL)   
  22.     jdbc:mysql:   
  23.         //localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk ;   
  24.    useUnicode=true:表示使用Unicode字符集。如果characterEncoding设置为   
  25.    gb2312或GBK,本参数必须设置为true 。characterEncoding=gbk:字符编码方式。   
  26.  3、创建数据库的连接   
  27.     要连接数据库,需要向java.sql.DriverManager请求并获得Connection对象,   
  28.      该对象就代表一个数据库的连接。   
  29.     使用DriverManager的getConnectin(String url , String username ,    
  30.     String password )方法传入指定的欲连接的数据库的路径、数据库的用户名和   
  31.      密码来获得。   
  32.      例如:   
  33.      //连接MySql数据库,用户名和密码都是root   
  34.      String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" ;    
  35.      String username = "root" ;   
  36.      String password = "root" ;   
  37.      try{   
  38.     Connection con =    
  39.              DriverManager.getConnection(url , username , password ) ;   
  40.      }catch(SQLException se){   
  41.     System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");   
  42.     se.printStackTrace() ;   
  43.      }   
  44.  4、创建一个Statement   
  45.     要执行SQL语句,必须获得java.sql.Statement实例,Statement实例分为以下3  
  46.      种类型:   
  47.       1、执行静态SQL语句。通常通过Statement实例实现。   
  48.       2、执行动态SQL语句。通常通过PreparedStatement实例实现。   
  49.       3、执行数据库存储过程。通常通过CallableStatement实例实现。   
  50.     具体的实现方式:   
  51.         Statement stmt = con.createStatement() ;   
  52.        PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sql) ;   
  53.        CallableStatement cstmt =    
  54.                             con.prepareCall("{CALL demoSp(? , ?)}") ;   
  55.  5、执行SQL语句   
  56.     Statement接口提供了三种执行SQL语句的方法:executeQuery 、executeUpdate   
  57.    和execute   
  58.     1、ResultSet executeQuery(String sqlString):执行查询数据库的SQL语句   
  59.         ,返回一个结果集(ResultSet)对象。   
  60.      2、int executeUpdate(String sqlString):用于执行INSERT、UPDATE或   
  61.         DELETE语句以及SQL DDL语句,如:CREATE TABLE和DROP TABLE等   
  62.      3、execute(sqlString):用于执行返回多个结果集、多个更新计数或二者组合的   
  63.         语句。   
  64.    具体实现的代码:   
  65.           ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ...") ;   
  66.     int rows = stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO ...") ;   
  67.     boolean flag = stmt.execute(String sql) ;   
  68.  6、处理结果   
  69.     两种情况:   
  70.      1、执行更新返回的是本次操作影响到的记录数。   
  71.      2、执行查询返回的结果是一个ResultSet对象。   
  72.      ResultSet包含符合SQL语句中条件的所有行,并且它通过一套get方法提供了对这些   
  73.       行中数据的访问。   
  74.      使用结果集(ResultSet)对象的访问方法获取数据:   
  75.      while(rs.next()){   
  76.          String name = rs.getString("name") ;   
  77.     String pass = rs.getString(1) ; // 此方法比较高效   
  78.      }   
  79.     (列是从左到右编号的,并且从列1开始)   
  80.  7、关闭JDBC对象    
  81.      操作完成以后要把所有使用的JDBC对象全都关闭,以释放JDBC资源,关闭顺序和声   
  82.      明顺序相反:   
  83.      1、关闭记录集   
  84.      2、关闭声明   
  85.      3、关闭连接对象   
  86.           if(rs != null){   // 关闭记录集   
  87.         try{   
  88.             rs.close() ;   
  89.         }catch(SQLException e){   
  90.             e.printStackTrace() ;   
  91.         }   
  92.           }   
  93.           if(stmt != null){   // 关闭声明   
  94.         try{   
  95.             stmt.close() ;   
  96.         }catch(SQLException e){   
  97.             e.printStackTrace() ;   
  98.         }   
  99.           }   
  100.           if(conn != null){  // 关闭连接对象   
  101.          try{   
  102.             conn.close() ;   
  103.          }catch(SQLException e){   
  104.             e.printStackTrace() ;   
  105.          }   
  106.           }  
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