The first step in learning Go language: how to implement database connection and operation

Learn Go language from scratch: How to implement database connection and operation, you need specific code examples

1. Introduction
Go language is an open source programming Language, developed by Google and widely used to build high-performance, reliable server-side software. In Go language, using a database is a very common requirement. This article will introduce how to implement database connection and operation in Go language, and give specific code examples.

2. Choose the appropriate database driver
In the Go language, there are many third-party database drivers to choose from, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc. Different database drivers use different methods and APIs, so before choosing a database driver, we need to first determine the type of database to be connected and find the corresponding driver.

For example, to connect to a MySQL database, you can choose to use the mysql driver officially recommended by the Go language. You can use the following command to install the mysql driver:

go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

3. Implement database connection
In Go language, before using the database, you first need to establish a database connection. The following is a sample code to establish a MySQL database connection:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    // 数据库连接信息
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "user:password@tcp(host:port)/database")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
    defer db.Close()

    // 测试连接是否成功
    err = db.Ping()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
    fmt.Println("数据库连接成功！")
}

In this code, we first imported the database/sql and mysql driver packages. Then use the sql.Open function to establish a connection to the mysql database. The parameters passed in are the database connection information, including user name, password, host and port, database name, etc. After the connection is successful, we can call the db.Ping() method to test whether the connection is successful.

4. Database query operations
After successfully connecting to the database, we can perform various database operations, such as query, insert, update, delete, etc. The following is a sample code for a simple database query operation:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

type User struct {
    Id   int
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func main() {
    // 连接数据库...

    // 查询数据
    rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
    defer rows.Close()

    // 遍历结果集
    var users []User
    for rows.Next() {
        var user User
        err := rows.Scan(&user.Id, &user.Name, &user.Age)
        if err != nil {
            panic(err.Error())
        }
        users = append(users, user)
    }

    // 打印结果
    for _, user := range users {
        fmt.Println(user.Id, user.Name, user.Age)
    }
}

In this code, we first define a User structure to store the query results. Then use the db.Query method to execute the SQL query statement, and traverse the query result set through the rows.Next method. The query results can be mapped to the User structure through the rows.Scan method, and finally the results are printed out.

5. Database insertion operations
In addition to query operations, we can also perform database insertion, update, and delete operations. The following is a sample code for a simple database insert operation:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    // 连接数据库...

    // 插入数据
    result, err := db.Exec("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", "Alice", 20)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    // 获取插入的ID
    id, err := result.LastInsertId()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
    fmt.Println("插入成功，ID为：", id)
}

In this code, we use the db.Exec method to perform the insert operation, and the parameters passed in are the SQL insert statement and the inserted value. After the insertion is successful, we can get the inserted ID through the result.LastInsertId method.

Summary
This article introduces how to implement database connection and operation in Go language, and gives specific code examples. In actual projects, we can choose different database drivers according to different needs and database types, and then use the corresponding APIs to connect, query and operate the database. I hope this article will help you learn the Go language and implement database connections and operations.

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