mysql查询中利用索引的机制_MySQL
今天遇到一个奇怪的问题,明明已经建立了索引,select语句的explain也表明会利用这个索引,可是结果偏偏没有用索引,最后扫描了全表。
两个结构完全一样的sql语句:
sql1: select * from table where col_a = 123 and col_b in (‘foo’,/'bar’) order by id desc;
sql2: select * from table where col_a = 456 and col_b in (‘foo’,/'bar’) order by id desc;
结果sql1选择利用了col_a的索引,速度很快,sql2利用了主键ID的索引,扫描了全表(40w行)。
仔细分析,发现数据库中,col_a=456的记录数有近1万条,而col_a=123的记录数只有几条。
于是就清楚了,mysql选择索引不仅仅依据查询结构和索引结构,还会根据索引大概估算选择每种索引的数据量,然后选择他认为最快的索引。
可能是主键索引会比普通index更快,所以mysql最后选择了数据量跟大的id索引。
那么,如何解决这个问题呢?
很简单,只要在order语句里写多个键即可,比如:order by col_a, id desc

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



Navicat itself does not store the database password, and can only retrieve the encrypted password. Solution: 1. Check the password manager; 2. Check Navicat's "Remember Password" function; 3. Reset the database password; 4. Contact the database administrator.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is simple to install, powerful and easy to manage data. 1. Simple installation and configuration, suitable for a variety of operating systems. 2. Support basic operations such as creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating and deleting data. 3. Provide advanced functions such as JOIN operations and subqueries. 4. Performance can be improved through indexing, query optimization and table partitioning. 5. Support backup, recovery and security measures to ensure data security and consistency.

Create a database using Navicat Premium: Connect to the database server and enter the connection parameters. Right-click on the server and select Create Database. Enter the name of the new database and the specified character set and collation. Connect to the new database and create the table in the Object Browser. Right-click on the table and select Insert Data to insert the data.

Common reasons why Navicat cannot connect to the database and its solutions: 1. Check the server's running status; 2. Check the connection information; 3. Adjust the firewall settings; 4. Configure remote access; 5. Troubleshoot network problems; 6. Check permissions; 7. Ensure version compatibility; 8. Troubleshoot other possibilities.

You can create a new MySQL connection in Navicat by following the steps: Open the application and select New Connection (Ctrl N). Select "MySQL" as the connection type. Enter the hostname/IP address, port, username, and password. (Optional) Configure advanced options. Save the connection and enter the connection name.

The SQL INSERT statement is used to insert data into a table. The steps include: specify the target table to list the columns to be inserted. Specify the value to be inserted (the order of values must correspond to the column name)

Navicat for MariaDB cannot view the database password directly because the password is stored in encrypted form. To ensure the database security, there are three ways to reset your password: reset your password through Navicat and set a complex password. View the configuration file (not recommended, high risk). Use system command line tools (not recommended, you need to be proficient in command line tools).

Common errors and solutions when connecting to databases: Username or password (Error 1045) Firewall blocks connection (Error 2003) Connection timeout (Error 10060) Unable to use socket connection (Error 1042) SSL connection error (Error 10055) Too many connection attempts result in the host being blocked (Error 1129) Database does not exist (Error 1049) No permission to connect to database (Error 1000)
