Ethereum Layer 2 security requirements should go beyond multi-signature mechanisms

The Ethereum Goerli testnet recently completed the Dencun upgrade, which brings the Dencun upgrade of the Ethereum mainnet closer. The Dencun upgrade introduces the EIP-4844 improvement plan, which directly addresses the Layer 2 expansion problem of Ethereum. Therefore, there has been a flurry of discussion recently on tracks such as Rollups, modularity, and data availability layers. Yesterday (17th), Ethereum core development member Tim Beiko announced the news on X.

Vitalik’s standards for Layer 2

In recent related discussions, members of the Scroll team posted on the X platform that although Rollups and Validiums lack the same security guarantees, they believe that these two Both solutions can be called the second layer (L2) of Ethereum.

Vitalik also left a message to respond to this argument. He said: For me, to be fully qualified for L2, something must have stronger security properties than multi-signature, even if it is not a comprehensive guarantee like Rollup.

In order to qualify as L2, a platform or technology needs to have stronger security properties than multi-signature. Although it does not need to be as comprehensive as Rollup, it should still provide unique security guarantees.

Additionally, he mentioned Validiums again as meeting the criteria. As for Optimiums, Buterin believes it may also meet the standard, but more rigorous analysis is needed to determine its safety efficiency.

According to our understanding, Validium has lower cost and higher throughput than Rollup technology. This is mainly because Rollup technology publishes transaction data to Ethereum, requires higher fees, and limits throughput. Validium technology also provides the security guarantee of ZK (zero-knowledge proof), but the transaction data is not published to Ethereum, but is stored off-chain. This means Validium can further reduce costs.

Validium is a better choice for many Dapps

Dencun’s upcoming upgrade has attracted Buterin’s attention to many L2s. He stated in a tweet yesterday that the core of Rollups is to provide unconditional security. ensure. Even if there is collusion, users will be able to safely withdraw their assets.

However, user assets cannot be fully protected if their availability depends on external systems. In this case, the network may be classified as Validium. The Validium network needs to sacrifice decentralization to some extent, but can still utilize a decentralized data availability layer to ensure the normal operation of the system, thereby enhancing the integrity of the network. This approach can balance user asset protection and system availability to a certain extent.

It is worth noting that although Ethereum’s current roadmap still focuses on Rollups rather than Validium, Buterin’s recent views also show that he does not exclude Validium; on the contrary, he also pointed out For many blockchain applications, Validium is the right choice because the security of Validium can also be improved by adopting a good distributed data availability layer system.

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