mysql双向加密解密方式用法详解_MySQL
如果你使用的正是mysql数据库,那么你把密码或者其他敏感重要信息保存在应用程序里的机会就很大。保护这些数据免受黑客或者窥探者的获取是一个令人关注的重要问题,因为您既不能让未经授权的人员使用或者破坏应用程序,同时还要保证您的竞争优势。幸运的是,MySQL带有很多设计用来提供这 种类型安全的加密函数。本文概述了其中的一些函数,并说明了如何使用它们,以及它们能够提供的不同级别的安全。
双向加密
就让我们从最简单的加密开始:双向加密。在这里,一段数据通过一个密钥被加密,只能够由知道这个密钥的人来解密。MySQL有两个函数来支持这种类型的加密,分别叫做ENCODE()和DECODE()。下面是一个简单的实例:
mysql> INSERT INTO users (username, password)
VALUES ('joe', ENCODE('guessme', 'abracadabra'));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
其中,Joe的密码是guessme,它通过密钥abracadabra被加密。要注意的是,加密完的结果是一个二进制字符串,如下所示:
mysql> SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='joe';
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| joe | ??i??!? |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
abracadabra这个密钥对于恢复到原始的字符串至关重要。这个密钥必须被传递给DECODE()函数,以获得原始的、未加密的密码。下面就是它的使用方法:
mysql> SELECT DECODE(password, 'abracadabra')
FROM users WHERE username='joe';
+---------------------------------+
| DECODE(password, 'abracadabra') |
+---------------------------------+
| guessme |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
应该很容易就看到它在Web应用程序里是如何运行的――在验证用户登录的时候,DECODE()会用网站专用的密钥解开保存在数据库里的密码,并和用户输入的内容进行对比。假设您把PHP用作自己的脚本语言,那么可以像下面这样进行查询:
$query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE
username='$inputUser' AND DECODE(password,
'abracadabra') = '$inputPass'";
?>
注意:虽然ENCODE()和DECODE()这两个函数能够满足大多数的要求,但是有的时候您希望使用强度更高的加密手段。在这种情况下,您可以使用AES_ENCRYPT()和AES_DECRYPT()函数,它们的工作方式是相同的,但是加密强度更高。

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