MySQL的学习--join和union的用法_MySQL
感觉工作之后一直在用框架,数据库的一些基本的东西都忘记了,这次借着这个系列的博客回顾一下旧知识,学一点新知识。
今天就先从join和union开始。
join 是两张表做交连后里面条件相同的部分记录产生一个记录集,
union是产生的两个记录集并在一起,成为一个新的记录集 。
join
可以通过下面这张图来了解join命令
union
要求:两次查询的列数必须一致
推荐:列的类型可以不一样,但推荐查询的每一列,想对应的类型以一样
可以来自多张表的数据:多次sql语句取出的列名可以不一致,此时以第一个sql语句的列名为准。
如果不同的语句中取出的行,有完全相同(这里表示的是每个列的值都相同),那么union会将相同的行合并,最终只保留一行。也可以这样理解,union会去掉重复的行。
如果不想去掉重复的行,可以使用union all。
如果子句中有order by,limit,需用括号()包起来。推荐放到所有子句之后,即对最终合并的结果来排序或筛选。
如:(select * from a order by id) union (select * from b order id);
在子句中,order by 需要配合limit使用才有意义。如果不配合limit使用,会被语法分析器优化分析时去除。

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