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mysql逻辑架构及存储引擎简介_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:17 PM
mysql

MySQL逻辑架构: 

并发控制:由锁实现

读锁:也叫共享锁,读锁互相不阻塞。A加锁表后A,b,c,d都能读该表但不能写该表。

写锁:也叫排他锁,写锁相互阻塞。A加排他锁后,其他线程不能读写该表。

锁粒度:

表锁:锁一个表,并发粒度小。代表存储引擎MyISAM

行锁:锁一行数据,并发粒度大,并发操作表性能好。代表存储引擎InnoDB。锁粒度小系统对锁的开销也大。

假如给一个表加读锁,那么其他线程也无法对该表进行写操作了,如果是加行锁那么该线程只阻塞只对这一行数据的读写,表中其他行的数据其他线程可以读写,提高并发性能。

事务:相当于把N条语句打包成一条语句,这个包中的N条语句全部执行成功则成功,如果有其中一条语句没有执行成功则事务回滚到原先状态事务执行失败不写入硬盘。

ACID(atomicityconsistency isolation durability)原子性,一致性,隔离性,持久性。是事务存储引擎的特性。

原子性:事务相当于一个N条语句的包,要么全部执行成功,要么则失败,对于事务来说不能成功执行一个事务的一部分,这就是原子性。

一致性:从一个一致的状态转换到另一个一致的状态。要么成功转换为成功的状态,要么失败回滚为原来的状态。

隔离性:A事务看不到B事务。

持久性:事务执行成功则写入硬盘,这就是叫持久性。

存储引擎:

·数据库存在目录中,库中的表存在该目录下。

·查看存储引擎:show table status like ‘table_name’ /G;

MyISAM存储引擎

·将表存在3个文件中.MYD存数据.MYI存索引.frm存表定义。

·支持表锁

·myisam表很大时更容易出现故障,需要手工进行修复表,并且修复时间会非常漫长。修复表步骤:检查表,然后修复表。

·压缩表

InnoDB

·将表存在2个文件中ibdata1数据文件和数据库目录下的.frm表定义文件。

·支持事务

·支持行锁

·外键约束

·基于聚簇索引建立的,聚簇索引对主键查询性能非常高。

·InnoDB支持热备份,而其他所有存储引擎都不支持热备份。

选择合适的存储引擎:

·MySQL5.5默认存储引引擎为InnoDB,最简单的答案是如果你不知道该选用何种存储引擎那么你就用InnoDB,因为它支持事务并且性能好。有些人说MyISAM性能比InnoDB快,这可不一定,书中说很多时候InnoDB让MyISAM望尘莫及。

选择依据:

1、事务:InnoDB支持事务,MyISAM不是事务型存储引擎。

2、InnoDB支持在线热备份。

3、崩溃恢复,InnoDB是事务型存储引擎支持,MyISAM崩溃后修复一个大的表是非常慢的。

4、特有特性,比如聚簇索引,外键约束,行锁等等。

如果对数据安全性要求不高,并且主要读取的并且数据库表不是很大的场景下应用MyISAM。

数据量非常大那么还是用InnoDB吧,当读写非常频繁时候行级锁性能更好。

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