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mysql中模糊查询的四种用法介绍_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:18 PM
mysql Chinese

bitsCN.com 下面介绍mysql中模糊查询的四种用法:

1,%:表示任意0个或多个字符。可匹配任意类型和长度的字符,有些情况下若是中文,请使用两个百分号(%%)表示。
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%'
将会把u_name为“张三”,“张猫三”、“三脚猫”,“唐三藏”等等有“三”的记录全找出来。
另外,如果需要找出u_name中既有“三”又有“猫”的记录,请使用and条件
SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%' AND u_name LIKE '%猫%'
若使用 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%猫%'

虽然能搜索出“三脚猫”,但不能搜索出符合条件的“张猫三”。

2,_: 表示任意单个字符。匹配单个任意字符,它常用来限制表达式的字符长度语句:
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '_三_'
只找出“唐三藏”这样u_name为三个字且中间一个字是“三”的;

再比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '三__'; 只找出“三脚猫”这样name为三个字且第一个字是“三”的;

3,[ ]:表示括号内所列字符中的一个(类似正则表达式)。指定一个字符、字符串或范围,要求所匹配对象为它们中的任一个。
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '[张李王]三' 将找出“张三”、“李三”、“王三”(而不是“张李王三”);
如 [ ] 内有一系列字符(01234、abcde之类的)则可略写为“0-4”、“a-e”
SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '老[1-9]' 将找出“老1”、“老2”、……、“老9”;

4,[^ ] :表示不在括号所列之内的单个字符。其取值和 [] 相同,但它要求所匹配对象为指定字符以外的任一个字符。
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '[^张李王]三' 将找出不姓“张”、“李”、“王”的“赵三”、“孙三”等;
SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '老[^1-4]'; 将排除“老1”到“老4”,寻找“老5”、“老6”、……

5,查询内容包含通配符时
由于通配符的缘故,导致我们查询特殊字符“%”、“_”、“[”的语句无法正常实现,而把特殊字符用“[ ]”括起便可正常查询。据此我们写出以下函数:
function sqlencode(str) str=replace(str,"';","';';")
str=replace(str,"[","[[]") ';此句一定要在最先 str=replace(str,"_","[_]") str=replace(str,"%","[%]") sqlencode=str end functionbitsCN.com

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