Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL存储引擎 InnoDB与MyISAM的区别_MySQL

MySQL存储引擎 InnoDB与MyISAM的区别_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:18 PM
database

bitsCN.com

基本的差别:MyISAM类型不支持事务处理等高级处理,而InnoDB类型支持。MyISAM类型的表强调的是性能,其执行数度比InnoDB类型更快,但是不提供事务支持,而InnoDB提供事务支持以及外部键等高级数据库功能。
以下是一些细节和具体实现的差别:
1.InnoDB不支持FULLTEXT类型的索引。
2.InnoDB 中不保存表的具体行数,也就是说,执行select count(*) from table时,InnoDB要扫描一遍整个表来计算有多少行,但是MyISAM只要简单的读出保存好的行数即可。注意的是,当count(*)语句包含 where条件时,两种表的操作是一样的。
3.对于AUTO_INCREMENT类型的字段,InnoDB中必须包含只有该字段的索引,但是在MyISAM表中,可以和其他字段一起建立联合索引。
4.DELETE FROM table时,InnoDB不会重新建立表,而是一行一行的删除。
5.LOAD TABLE FROM MASTER操作对InnoDB是不起作用的,解决方法是首先把InnoDB表改成MyISAM表,导入数据后再改成InnoDB表,但是对于使用的额外的InnoDB特性(例如外键)的表不适用。
另外,InnoDB表的行锁也不是绝对的,假如在执行一个SQL语句时MySQL不能确定要扫描的范围,InnoDB表同样会锁全表,例如update table set num=1 where name like “%aaa%”
主要差别:两种类型最主要的差别就是Innodb 支持事务处理与外键和行级锁。而MyISAM不支持.所以MyISAM往往就容易被人认为只适合在小项目中使用。
作为使用MySQL的用户角度出发,Innodb和MyISAM都是比较喜欢的,如果数据库平台要达到需求:99.9%的稳定性,方便的扩展性和高可用性来说的话,MyISAM绝对是首选。
原因如下:
1、平台上承载的大部分项目是读多写少的项目,而MyISAM的读性能是比Innodb强不少的。
2、MyISAM的索引和数据是分开的,并且索引是有压缩的,内存使用率就对应提高了不少。能加载更多索引,而Innodb是索引和数据是紧密捆绑的,没有使用压缩从而会造成Innodb比MyISAM体积庞大不小。
3、经常隔1,2个月就会发生应用开发人员不小心update一个表where写的范围不对,导致这个表没法正常用了,这个时候MyISAM的优越性就体现出来了,随便从当天拷贝的压缩包取出对应表的文件,随便放到一个数据库目录下,然后dump成sql再导回到主库,并把对应的binlog补上。如果是Innodb,恐怕不可能有这么快速度,别和我说让Innodb定期用导出xxx.sql机制备份,因为最小的一个数据库实例的数据量基本都是几十G大小。
4、从接触的应用逻辑来说,select count(*) 和order by 是最频繁的,大概能占了整个sql总语句的60%以上的操作,而这种操作Innodb其实也是会锁表的,很多人以为Innodb是行级锁,那个只是where对它主键是有效,非主键的都会锁全表的。
5、还有就是经常有很多应用部门需要我给他们定期某些表的数据,MyISAM的话很方便,只要发给他们对应那表的frm.MYD,MYI的文件,让他们自己在对应版本的数据库启动就行,而Innodb就需要导出xxx.sql了,因为光给别人文件,受字典数据文件的影响,对方是无法使用的。
6、如果和MyISAM比insert写操作的话,Innodb还达不到MyISAM的写性能,如果是针对基于索引的update操作,虽然MyISAM可能会逊色Innodb,但是那么高并发的写,从库能否追的上也是一个问题,还不如通过多实例分库分表架构来解决。
7、如果是用MyISAM的话,merge引擎可以大大加快应用部门的开发速度,他们只要对这个merge表做一些select count(*)操作,非常适合大项目总量约几亿的rows某一类型(如日志,调查统计)的业务表。
当然Innodb也不是绝对不用,用事务的项目就用Innodb的。另外,可能有人会说你MyISAM无法抗太多写操作,但是可以通过架构来弥补。

bitsCN.com
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Two Point Museum: All Exhibits And Where To Find Them
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How does Go language implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database? How does Go language implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database? Mar 27, 2024 pm 09:39 PM

Go language is an efficient, concise and easy-to-learn programming language. It is favored by developers because of its advantages in concurrent programming and network programming. In actual development, database operations are an indispensable part. This article will introduce how to use Go language to implement database addition, deletion, modification and query operations. In Go language, we usually use third-party libraries to operate databases, such as commonly used sql packages, gorm, etc. Here we take the sql package as an example to introduce how to implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database. Assume we are using a MySQL database.

How does Hibernate implement polymorphic mapping? How does Hibernate implement polymorphic mapping? Apr 17, 2024 pm 12:09 PM

Hibernate polymorphic mapping can map inherited classes to the database and provides the following mapping types: joined-subclass: Create a separate table for the subclass, including all columns of the parent class. table-per-class: Create a separate table for subclasses, containing only subclass-specific columns. union-subclass: similar to joined-subclass, but the parent class table unions all subclass columns.

iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos Jul 18, 2024 am 05:48 AM

Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps

Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:42 PM

How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())

An in-depth analysis of how HTML reads the database An in-depth analysis of how HTML reads the database Apr 09, 2024 pm 12:36 PM

HTML cannot read the database directly, but it can be achieved through JavaScript and AJAX. The steps include establishing a database connection, sending a query, processing the response, and updating the page. This article provides a practical example of using JavaScript, AJAX and PHP to read data from a MySQL database, showing how to dynamically display query results in an HTML page. This example uses XMLHttpRequest to establish a database connection, send a query and process the response, thereby filling data into page elements and realizing the function of HTML reading the database.

How to handle database connection errors in PHP How to handle database connection errors in PHP Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:16 PM

To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.

Analysis of the basic principles of MySQL database management system Analysis of the basic principles of MySQL database management system Mar 25, 2024 pm 12:42 PM

Analysis of the basic principles of the MySQL database management system MySQL is a commonly used relational database management system that uses structured query language (SQL) for data storage and management. This article will introduce the basic principles of the MySQL database management system, including database creation, data table design, data addition, deletion, modification, and other operations, and provide specific code examples. 1. Database Creation In MySQL, you first need to create a database instance to store data. The following code can create a file named "my

Tips and practices for handling Chinese garbled characters in databases with PHP Tips and practices for handling Chinese garbled characters in databases with PHP Mar 27, 2024 pm 05:21 PM

PHP is a back-end programming language widely used in website development. It has powerful database operation functions and is often used to interact with databases such as MySQL. However, due to the complexity of Chinese character encoding, problems often arise when dealing with Chinese garbled characters in the database. This article will introduce the skills and practices of PHP in handling Chinese garbled characters in databases, including common causes of garbled characters, solutions and specific code examples. Common reasons for garbled characters are incorrect database character set settings: the correct character set needs to be selected when creating the database, such as utf8 or u

See all articles