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mysql创建内存表的方法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:18 PM
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如何创建内存表?
创建内存表非常的简单,只需注明 ENGINE= MEMORY 即可:

CREATE TABLE  `tablename` ( `columnName` varchar(256) NOT NUL) ENGINE=MEMORY DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 MAX_ROWS=100000000;

注意:

当内存表中的数据大于max_heap_table_size设定的容量大小时,mysql会转换超出的数据存储到磁盘上,因此这是性能就大打折扣了,所以我们还需要根据我们的实际情况调整max_heap_table_size,例如在.cnf文件中[mysqld]的下面加入:
max_heap_table_size = 2048M
另外在建表语句中还可以通过MAX_ROWS来控制表的记录数。

内存表使用哈希散列索引把数据保存在内存中,因此具有极快的速度,适合缓存中小型数据库,但是使用上受到一些限制,以下是蓝草使用的一些感受。

1、heap对所有用户的连接是可见的,这使得它非常适合做缓存。

2、仅适合使用的场合。heap不允许使用xxxTEXT和xxxBLOB数据类型;只允许使用=和操作符来搜索记录(不允许、=);不支持auto_increment;只允许对非空数据列进行索引(not null)。
注:操作符 “” 说明:NULL-safe equal.这个操作符和“=”操作符执行相同的比较操作,不过在两个操作码均为NULL时,其所得值为1而不为NULL,而当一个操作码为NULL时,其所得值为0而不为NULL。

3、一旦服务器重启,所有heap表数据丢失,但是heap表结构仍然存在,因为heap表结构是存放在实际数据库路径下的,不会自动删除。重启之后,heap将被清空,这时候对heap的查询结果都是空的。

4、如果heap是复制的某数据表,则复制之后所有主键、索引、自增等格式将不复存在,需要重新添加主键和索引,如果需要的话。

5、对于重启造成的数据丢失,有以下的解决办法:

a、在任何查询之前,执行一次简单的查询,判断heap表是否存在数据,如果不存在,则把数据重新写入,或者DROP表重新复制某张表。这需要多做一次查询。不过可以写成include文件,在需要用该heap表的页面随时调用,比较方便。
b、对于需要该heap表的页面,在该页面第一次且仅在第一次查询该表时,对数据集结果进行判断,如果结果为空,则需要重新写入数据。这样可以节省一次查询。
c、更好的办法是在mysql每次重新启动时自动写入数据到heap,但是需要配置服务器,过程比较复杂,通用性受到限制。

6、一些预期可能用到的sql语句

//如果表存在,则删除
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `abc`;
//复制整张表xyz为heap表abc(包含所有数据)
CREATE TABLE `abc` type=heap select * from `xyz`;
//添加主键id
ALTER TABLE `abc` ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);
//添加索引username
ALTER TABLE `abc` ADD INDEX `abc` (`username`);

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