MySQL学习笔记_8_SQL语言基础复习_MySQL
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SQL语言基础复习
一、概述
SQL语句注释方式
1)以“#”开头直到行尾的所有内容都是注释
2)以“--”(--后还有一个空格)开头直到行尾的所有内容都是注释
3)以“/*”开始,以“*/”结束的所有内容都是注释,可用于注释多行
二、数据库操作
1、创建数据库
create database db_name;
db_name命名规则:
1)名称可由任意字母,数字,”_”或”$”组成,可以是上述任意字符作为开头,但是不能单独使用数字作为数据库名称。
2)长度限制:数据库、表、列和索引的名称最多64个字符,别名最多可长达256个字符。
3)不能使用MySQL关键字作为数据库、表名。
2、删除数据库
drop database db_name; #drop 下降,终止
他将不可恢复的删除数据库及其所有数据表,建议在使用drop database前,先对数据库进行备份
三、表的操作
1、创建数据表
create table
( []
[, []]...
[,表级完整性约束条件]
);
拓展:create temporary table... #创建临时表,临时表在服务器交互结束时会自动删除
2、修改数据表
指:修改表的结构,使用alter talbe语句来修改表中列的属性,甚至修改表的名称
alter talbe
[add [完整性约束]]
[drop ]
[alter column ]; #alter修改,更改
3、删除表
drop table table_name;
drop table if exists table_name;
四、记录的操作
1、插入数据
insert into
[(,...)]
values([,...])
e.g. insert into student_info(stu_id,stu_name,str_sex,str_age)
values(234,”xiaofang”,”男”,18);
2、更新记录
update
set =[,=]...
[where];
说明:update语句包括set子句和where子句,set子句指定修改方式,要修改的列以及修改后的取值,where子句用于指定钥修改的数据记录,默认修改表中的所有记录。更新语句的关键就是要设定好用于进行判断的where条件!
e.g. update student_info set str_age=22 where stu_id = 9028;
3、删除记录
delete from [where ];
说明:如果用户在使用delete语句时不设定where条件,则表格中的所有记录将被清空!
delete from student_info where stu_id = 9028;
五、查询
select [all | distinct] [,] …
from [,]...
[where ]
[group by [having ]]
[order by [asc|desc]];
六、学生选课系统数据库设计流程示例
1、数据库设计流程:
系统分析--->逻辑设计--->物理实现
2、系统分析
3、逻辑设计
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