Mysql不同主从格式(ReplicationFormats)的区别_MySQL
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Mysql之所以可以实现主从服务器之间的同步,是因为主服务器端的事件(events)写到了 binary log 中,然后在从服务器上再次执行这些事件。
事件写入BINLOG中,主要有以下三种格式:
1、基于语句的记录(Statement-Based Replication)
就是将主服务器上执行的语句记录下来,在从服务器上再次执行一遍。在MYSQL 5.1.4之前,只有这一种方式;
这种类型的优点包括:
A、从3.23版本以来,MYSQL只有这一种类型,所以这种类型已经被实践所证实;
B、写入BINLOG的数据相对来说少一些,特别是更新很多行的语句,不用把每行的变化记录下来;
C、所有更改数据库的语句都会被记录下来,可以用来监督数据库。
这种类型的缺点也很明显,是一种不“安全”的记录方式:
A、不能更新不缺定地行;比如UPDATE语句中有不加ORDER的LIMIT;
B、
LOAD_FILE()
UUID(), UUID_SHORT()
USER()
FOUND_ROWS()
SYSDATE() (unless both the master and the slave are started with the --sysdate-is-now option)
GET_LOCK()
IS_FREE_LOCK()
IS_USED_LOCK()
MASTER_POS_WAIT()
RAND()
RELEASE_LOCK()
SLEEP()
VERSION()
比如,使用SBR(STATEMENT-BASED REPLICATION)同步这条语句:
update table set column=uuid() limit 2
45734358-9df1-11e3-b0fd-782bcb74f37e
从服务器端的值:
3fa4171e-9df0-11e3-a0e5-782bcb74f37e
C、比基于行的方式需要更多地行级锁;
2、基于行的记录(Row-Based Replication)
就是将主服务器上对每一行的修改记录下来,然后在从服务器上实现之;
这个类型的优势:
A、是一种安全的方式,也就是说能够准确无误地同步主服务器的内容,比如上面那个例子使用RBR(ROW-BASED REPLICATION)的结果:
主服务器和从服务器端均为:
b290f3a0-9df5-11e3-b0fd-782bcb74f37e
B、需要锁行的数量很少
这个类型的缺点就是:
A、需要记录的内容太多,如果一条语句更新了一个几千万条数据的,那就会记录几千万条BINLOG……
B、如果一些生成的变量很庞大,比如BLOB类型,会使得记录很庞大
C、无法知道当前哪条语句在执行,无法监督主从进度
3、混合类型记录(Row-Based Replication)
就是上述两种都有,系统会实时选择合适的类型来记录主服务器的记录。
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