Table of Contents
SQL语言的设计与编写(上) 
一、SQL语句分类
二、SQL语句应用案例
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MySQL学习笔记_5_SQL语言的设计与编写(上)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:19 PM
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SQL语言的设计与编写(上) 

一、SQL语句分类

数据定义语言(DDL):

用于定义和管理数据对象,包括数据库、数据表、视图、索引等。例如:CREATE、DROP、ALTER等语句。

数据操作语言(DML):【和表中的数据记录有关的语言】

用于操作数据库对象中所包含的数据。例如:INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE语句。

数据查询语言(DQL):

用于查询数据库对象中所包含的数据,能够进行单表查询、连接查询、嵌套查询,以及集合查询等各种复杂程度不同的数据库查询,并将数据返回到客户机中显示。例如:SELECT语句(占60%)。

数据控制语言(DCL):

是用来管理数据库的语言,包含管理权限及数据更改。例如:GRANT、REVOKE、COMMIT、ROLLBACK等语句。 

二、SQL语句应用案例

1、DDL【可以按照以下格式写入一个文件,然后再粘贴到MySQL数据库中】

createtable if not exists cats (

idint not null auto_increment,

pidint not null default '0',

namevarchar(30) not null default '',

desntext not null default '',

primarykey(id),

indexname(name,pid)

);

createtable if not exists products(

idint not null auto_increment,

cidint not null default 0,

namevarchar(60) not null default '',

pricedouble (7,2) not null default 0.00,

numint not null default 0,

desntext,

ptimeint not null default 0,

primarykey(id),

keypname(name,price)

);

2、DML

a)insert,插入表数据

insertinto 表名([字段列表])values(值列表),(值列表2),(值列表3),...,(值列表n);

特点:

1.如果在表名后没有给出字段列表,则值列表必须填充所有字段的值,必须按表中默认的顺序插入

2.所有需要写字段名的地方都不加单引号或双引号,但是建议所有值都要以字符形式使用

3.建议在插入数据时,最好给出字段列表,则值只要和字段列表一一对应即可,可以不按表中字段的顺序

b)update表名 set字段='值'[,字段2='值2',...,字段n='值n'][条件]#条件指定需要更改的记录

e.g. updatecats set pid='3' where id='1';

updatecats set pid='99' where id >= '1' && id

c)deletefrom 表名 [条件]

deletefrom cats; #清空数据表

truncatecats; #也可以清空数据表,效率更高,truncate将...截断

d)where条件

无论更新、删除、查找,只要写对条件就能准确找到要管理的一条或多条数据

【都可以使用各种运算符号,可以把字段当作一个变量来使用】

3、DQL【select】

SELECT[ALL | DISTINCT]

{*|table.*|[table.]field1[asalias1][,[table.]field2[as alias2]][.....]}

FROM 表名

[WHERE...]

[GROUPBY...]

[HAVING...]

[ORDERBY ...]

[LIMITcount]

使用SELECT查询语言,目的是可以按用户的想法将数据查出来,将结果返回!

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