MySQL 自动备份与数据库被破坏后的恢复方法第1/2页_MySQL
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一、前言:
当数据库服务器建立好以后,我们首先要做的不是考虑要在这个支持数据库的服务器运行哪些受MySQL提携的程序,而是当数据库遭到破坏后,怎样安然恢复到最后一次正常的状态,使得数据的损失达到最小。
或者说,仅仅是数据库服务器的建立,只能说明它能做些什么,并不代表它能稳定的做些什么。灾难恢复的效率及全面性,也是系统的稳定性的一个准因素,尤其对于一个服务器系统。
这一节,介绍数据库自动备份以及数据库被破坏后的恢复的方法。在这里,我们使用mysqlhotcopy,并且定义一段Shell脚本来实现数据库的自动备份,并且,让整个数据自动备份与数据恢复过程都基于Shell。
建立数据库备份所需条件
[1] 建立自动备份脚本
在这里,为了使数据库备份和恢复的符合我们的实际要求,用一段符合要求的Shell脚本来实现整个备份过程的自动化。
[root@CentOS ~]# vi mysql-backup.sh ← 建立数据库自动备份脚本,如下: #!/bin/bash PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin # The Directory of Backup BACKDIR=/backup/mysql # The Password of MySQL ROOTPASS=******** 此处请将星号替换成MySQL的root密码 # Remake the Directory of Backup rm -rf $BACKDIR mkdir -p $BACKDIR # Get the Name of Database DBLIST=`ls -p /var/lib/mysql | grep / | tr -d /` # Backup with Database for dbname in $DBLIST do mysqlhotcopy $dbname -u root -p $ROOTPASS $BACKDIR | logger -t mysqlhotcopy done |
[2] 运行数据库自动备份脚本
[root@CentOS ~]# chmod 700 mysql-backup.sh 改变脚本属性,让其只能让root用户执行 [root@CentOS ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh 运行脚本 [root@CentOS ~]# ls -l /backup/mysql/ 确认一下是否备份成功 total 8 drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 1 16:54 mysql 已成功备份到/backup/mysql目录中 |
[3] 让数据库备份脚本每天自动运行
[root@sample ~]# crontab -e ← 编辑自动运行规则(然后会出现编辑窗口,操作同vi) 00 03 * * * /root/mysql-backup.sh 添加这一行到文件中,让数据库备份每天凌晨3点进行 |
测试自动备份正常运转与否(备份恢复的方法)
这里,以通过实际操作的过程来介绍问题出现后的恢复方法。
[1] 当数据库被删除后的恢复方法
首先建立一个测试用的数据库。
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器 Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer. mysql> create database test; ← 建立一个测试用的数据库test Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use test ← 连接到这个数据库 Database changed mysql> create table test(num int, name varchar(50)); ← 在数据库中建立一个表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello,CentOS'); ← 插入一个值到这个表(这里以“Hello,CentOS”为例) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容 +------+-----------------+ | num | name | +------+-----------------+ |1 | Hello,Centos | ← 确认刚刚插入到表中的值的存在 +------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器 Bye |
然后,运行刚才建立的数据库备份脚本,备份刚刚建立的测试用的数据库。
[root@sample ~]# cd ← 回到脚本所在的root用户的根目录 [root@sample ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh ← 运行脚本进行数据库备份 |
接下来,我们再次登录到MySQL服务器中,删除刚刚建立的测试用的数据库test,以便于测试数据恢复能否成功。
[root@Centos ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器 Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 13 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer. mysql> use test ← 连接到测试用的test数据库 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> drop table test; ← 删除数据中的表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> drop database test; ← 删除测试用数据库test Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +---------------+ | Database | +---------------+ | mysql | ← 确认测试用的test数据库已不存在、已被删除 +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器 Bye |
以上,我们就等于模拟了数据库被破坏的过程。接下来,是数据库被“破坏”后,用备份进行恢复的方法。
[root@Centos ~]# /bin/cp -Rf /backup/mysql/test/ /var/lib/mysql/ ← 复制备份的数据库test到相应目录 [root@Centos ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/test/ ← 改变数据库test的归属为mysql [root@Centos ~]# chmod 700 /var/lib/mysql/test/ ← 改变数据库目录属性为700 [root@Centos ~]# chmod 660 /var/lib/mysql/test/* ← 改变数据库中数据的属性为660 |
然后,再次登录到MySQL服务器上,看是否已经成功恢复了数据库。
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器 Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 14 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; ← 查看当前存在的数据库 +-------------+ | Database | +-------------+ | mysql | | test | ← 确认刚刚被删除的test数据库已经成功被恢复回来! +------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use test ← 连接到test数据库 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; ← 查看test数据库中存在的表 +-------------------+ | Tables_in_test | +-------------------+ | test | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容 +------+---------------------+ | num | name | +------+---------------------+ | 1 | Hello,CentOS | ← 确认数据表中的内容与删除前定义的“Hello,CentOS”一样! +------+---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器 Bye |
以上结果表示,数据库被删除后,用备份后的数据库成功的将数据恢复到了删除前的状态。
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