Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL 自动备份与数据库被破坏后的恢复方法第1/2页_MySQL

MySQL 自动备份与数据库被破坏后的恢复方法第1/2页_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:20 PM
database server program

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一、前言:

当数据库服务器建立好以后,我们首先要做的不是考虑要在这个支持数据库的服务器运行哪些受MySQL提携的程序,而是当数据库遭到破坏后,怎样安然恢复到最后一次正常的状态,使得数据的损失达到最小。

或者说,仅仅是数据库服务器的建立,只能说明它能做些什么,并不代表它能稳定的做些什么。灾难恢复的效率及全面性,也是系统的稳定性的一个准因素,尤其对于一个服务器系统。

这一节,介绍数据库自动备份以及数据库被破坏后的恢复的方法。在这里,我们使用mysqlhotcopy,并且定义一段Shell脚本来实现数据库的自动备份,并且,让整个数据自动备份与数据恢复过程都基于Shell。

建立数据库备份所需条件

[1] 建立自动备份脚本

在这里,为了使数据库备份和恢复的符合我们的实际要求,用一段符合要求的Shell脚本来实现整个备份过程的自动化。

[root@CentOS ~]# vi mysql-backup.sh  ← 建立数据库自动备份脚本,如下:

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin

# The Directory of Backup
BACKDIR=/backup/mysql

# The Password of MySQL
ROOTPASS=********  此处请将星号替换成MySQL的root密码

# Remake the Directory of Backup
rm -rf $BACKDIR
mkdir -p $BACKDIR

# Get the Name of Database
DBLIST=`ls -p /var/lib/mysql | grep / | tr -d /`

# Backup with Database
for dbname in $DBLIST
do
mysqlhotcopy $dbname -u root -p $ROOTPASS $BACKDIR | logger -t mysqlhotcopy
done

[2] 运行数据库自动备份脚本

[root@CentOS ~]# chmod 700 mysql-backup.sh  改变脚本属性,让其只能让root用户执行
[root@CentOS ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh   运行脚本
[root@CentOS ~]# ls -l /backup/mysql/   确认一下是否备份成功
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 1 16:54 mysql   已成功备份到/backup/mysql目录中

[3] 让数据库备份脚本每天自动运行

[root@sample ~]# crontab -e  ← 编辑自动运行规则(然后会出现编辑窗口,操作同vi)
00 03 * * * /root/mysql-backup.sh   添加这一行到文件中,让数据库备份每天凌晨3点进行

测试自动备份正常运转与否(备份恢复的方法)

这里,以通过实际操作的过程来介绍问题出现后的恢复方法。

[1] 当数据库被删除后的恢复方法

首先建立一个测试用的数据库。

[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p   ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password:  ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> create database test;  ← 建立一个测试用的数据库test
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test  ← 连接到这个数据库
Database changed

mysql> create table test(num int, name varchar(50));  ← 在数据库中建立一个表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello,CentOS');  ← 插入一个值到这个表(这里以“Hello,CentOS”为例)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from test;  ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+-----------------+
| num | name |
+------+-----------------+
|1  | Hello,Centos |  ← 确认刚刚插入到表中的值的存在
+------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

然后,运行刚才建立的数据库备份脚本,备份刚刚建立的测试用的数据库。

[root@sample ~]# cd ← 回到脚本所在的root用户的根目录
[root@sample ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh  ← 运行脚本进行数据库备份

接下来,我们再次登录到MySQL服务器中,删除刚刚建立的测试用的数据库test,以便于测试数据恢复能否成功。

[root@Centos ~]# mysql -u root -p  ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password:  ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use test  ← 连接到测试用的test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> drop table test;  ← 删除数据中的表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> drop database test;  ← 删除测试用数据库test
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+---------------+
| Database |
+---------------+
| mysql |  ← 确认测试用的test数据库已不存在、已被删除
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上,我们就等于模拟了数据库被破坏的过程。接下来,是数据库被“破坏”后,用备份进行恢复的方法。

[root@Centos ~]# /bin/cp -Rf /backup/mysql/test/ /var/lib/mysql/  ← 复制备份的数据库test到相应目录
[root@Centos ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/test/  ← 改变数据库test的归属为mysql
[root@Centos ~]# chmod 700 /var/lib/mysql/test/  ← 改变数据库目录属性为700
[root@Centos ~]# chmod 660 /var/lib/mysql/test/*  ← 改变数据库中数据的属性为660

然后,再次登录到MySQL服务器上,看是否已经成功恢复了数据库。

[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p  ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password:  ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show databases;  ← 查看当前存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| mysql |
| test  |  ← 确认刚刚被删除的test数据库已经成功被恢复回来!
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test  ← 连接到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;  ← 查看test数据库中存在的表
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+-------------------+
| test  |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;  ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+---------------------+
| num | name  |
+------+---------------------+
| 1 | Hello,CentOS |  ← 确认数据表中的内容与删除前定义的“Hello,CentOS”一样!
+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上结果表示,数据库被删除后,用备份后的数据库成功的将数据恢复到了删除前的状态。
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