Learn from scratch: Master the basics of the Go language

Start from scratch: learn the basics of Go language

Introduction

Go language, Also known as Golang, it is an open source programming language developed by Google. It was released in 2009 and quickly became a popular language, especially in areas such as web development, distributed systems, and cloud computing. The Go language is famous for its simplicity, efficiency, and strong concurrency.

Basic syntax

1. Variables and constants

In the Go language, variables and constants are typed . Variables can store data, while constants cannot be changed. The declaration format of variables is:

var 变量名 类型

The declaration format of constants is:

const 常量名 类型 = 值

2. Data types

Go language provides a variety of data types , including basic data types and composite data types. Basic data types include:

• Boolean type (bool): the value is true or false
• Integer type (int): including int8, int16, int32, int64, etc.
• Floating point type (float): including float32 and float64
• String type (string): composed of a string of characters
• Byte type (byte): equivalent to uint8

Composite data types include:

• Array: fixed-length data structure
• Slice: variable-length data structure
• Hash table (map): key-value pair data structure
• Structure (struct): Custom data structure

3. Operator

Go language provides a variety of operators, including arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators and bitwise operators. Arithmetic operators include:

• Addition ( ): Add two operands
• Subtraction (-): Subtract two operands
• Multiplication (*): Multiply the two operands
• Division (/): Divide the two operands
• Remainder (%): Divide the two operands and return Remainder

Relational operators include:

• Equal (==): Compares whether two operands are equal
• Not equal (!=): Compare whether two operands are not equal
• Greater than (>): Compare whether two operands are greater than
• Less than (<): Compare whether two operands are less than
• Greater than or equal to (>=): Compares whether the two operands are greater than or equal to
• Less than or equal to (<=): Compares whether the two operands are less than or equal to

Logical operators include:

• And (&&): If both operands are true, return true, otherwise return false
• Or (||): If both operands are true If one of the operands is true, it returns true, otherwise it returns false
• Not (!): Invert the operands

Bitwise operators include:

• And (&): perform an AND operation on the binary digits of the two operands
• Or (|): perform an OR operation on the binary digits of the two operands
• XOR (^): XOR the binary bits of the two operands
• Left shift (<<): Move the binary bits of the operand to the left by the specified number of bits
• right Shift (>>): Move the binary digits of the operand to the right by the specified number of digits

4. Control statements

The Go language provides many Control statements include if statements, switch statements, for statements, while statements, etc. The syntax format of the if statement is:

if 条件 {
    语句块
} else {
    语句块
}

The syntax format of the switch statement is:

switch 表达式 {
    case 值1:
        语句块
    case 值2:
        语句块
    ...
    default:
        语句块
}

The syntax format of the for statement is:

for 初始条件; 条件; 递增/递减 {
    语句块
}

The syntax format of the while statement is:

while 条件 {
    语句块
}

5. Function

Function is the basic unit of code reuse in Go language. The declaration format of the function is:

func 函数名(参数列表) 返回值类型 {
    函数体
}

The function body can contain variable declarations, statements, return statements, etc. The syntax format of the return statement is:

return 表达式

6. Concurrency

Go language supports concurrent programming, that is, executing multiple tasks at the same time. Concurrent programming can improve program efficiency and performance. Go language provides a variety of concurrent programming mechanisms, including goroutine, channel and sync packages.

7. Package

Package is the basic unit of code organization in Go language. Packages can contain functions, variables, constants, types, etc. The declaration format of a package is:

package 包名

Packages can import other packages to use functions, variables, constants, types, etc. in other packages. The syntax format of the imported package is:

import "包名"

Conclusion

The above is a brief introduction to the basic knowledge of Go language. If you want to learn the Go language in depth, you also need to read official documents, tutorials, and books. Go language is a powerful programming language. Mastering it can help you develop efficient and reliable software.

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