Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL 存储过程的基本用法介绍_MySQL

MySQL 存储过程的基本用法介绍_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:20 PM
database program

bitsCN.com 在外部程序访问数据库时(例如 PHP),要组织很多 SQL 语句。

特别是业务逻辑复杂的时候,一大堆的 SQL 和条件夹杂在 PHP 代码中,让人不寒而栗。现在有了 MySQL 存储过程,业务逻辑可以封装存储过程中,这样不仅容易维护,而且执行效率也高。

一、MySQL 创建存储过程

"pr_add" 是个简单的 MySQL 存储过程,这个MySQL 存储过程有两个 int 类型的输入参数 "a"、"b",返回这两个参数的和。

drop procedure if exists pr_add;

计算两个数之和

create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
begin
declare c int;
if a is null then
set a = 0;
end if;
if b is null then
set b = 0;
end if;
set c = a + b;
select c as sum;
/*
return c;
不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用。return 只能出现在函数中。

*/
end;

二、调用 MySQL 存储过程

call pr_add(10, 20);

执行 MySQL 存储过程,存储过程参数为 MySQL 用户变量。

set @a = 10;
set @b = 20;
call pr_add(@a, @b);

三、MySQL 存储过程特点

创建 MySQL 存储过程的简单语法为:

create procedure 存储过程名字()
(
[in|out|inout] 参数 datatype
)
begin
MySQL 语句;
end;

MySQL 存储过程参数如果不显式指定"in"、"out"、"inout",则默认为"in"。习惯上,对于是"in" 的参数,我们都不会显式指定。

1. MySQL 存储过程名字后面的"()"是必须的,即使没有一个参数,也需要"()"

2. MySQL 存储过程参数,不能在参数名称前加"@",如:"@a int"。下面的创建存储过程语法在 MySQL 中是错误的(在 SQL Server 中是正确的)。 MySQL 存储过程中的变量,不需要在变量名字前加"@",虽然 MySQL 客户端用户变量要加个"@"。

create procedure pr_add
(
@a int, -- 错误
b int -- 正确
)

3. MySQL 存储过程的参数不能指定默认值。

4. MySQL 存储过程不需要在 procedure body 前面加 "as"。而 SQL Server 存储过程必须加 "as" 关键字。

create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
as -- 错误,MySQL 不需要 "as"
begin
mysql statement ...;
end;

5. 如果 MySQL 存储过程中包含多条 MySQL 语句,则需要 begin end 关键字。

create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
begin
mysql statement 1 ...;
mysql statement 2 ...;
end;

6. MySQL 存储过程中的每条语句的末尾,都要加上分号 ";"

...
declare c int;
if a is null then
set a = 0;
end if;
...
end;

7. MySQL 存储过程中的注释。

/*
这是个
多行 MySQL 注释。
*/
declare c int; -- 这是单行 MySQL 注释 (注意 -- 后至少要有一个空格)
if a is null then # 这也是个单行 MySQL 注释
set a = 0;
end if;
...
end;

8. 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用 "return" 关键字。

set c = a + b;
select c as sum;
/*
return c; -- 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用。return 只能出现在函数中。
*/
end;

9. 调用 MySQL 存储过程时候,需要在过程名字后面加"()",即使没有一个参数,也需要"()"

call pr_no_param();

10. 因为 MySQL 存储过程参数没有默认值,所以在调用 MySQL 存储过程时候,不能省略参数。可以用 null 来替代。bitsCN.com

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