深入Mysql字符集设置 图文版_MySQL
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在mysql客户端与mysql服务端之间,存在着一个字符集转换器。
character_set_client =>gbk:转换器就知道客户端发送过来的是gbk格式的编码
character_set_connection=>gbk:将客户端传送过来的数据转换成gbk格式
character_set_results =>gbk:
注:以上三个字符集可以使用set names gbk来统一进行设置
例子:
create table test(
name varchar(64) NOT NULL
)charset utf8;#这里的utf8表示服务器端的字符编码
首先,往数据表test中插入一条数据
inert into test values('测试');
则,数据“测试”在数据库中是以“utf8”格式保存的
过程:
首先,通过mysql客户端,将数据发送给Mysql服务器,经过字符集转换器的时候,由于character_set_connection 值为gbk,所以会将客户端发送过来的数据转为gbk格式,紧接着,字符集转换器将数据要传送给服务器的时候,发现服务器是以utf8保存数据的,所以,在其内部会自动将数据由gbk转换成utf8格式
什么时候会出现乱码?
-
客户端的数据格式与声明的 character_set_client不符
通过 header('Content-type:text/html;charset=utf8');将客户端的数据转成utf8格式的,在数据经过“字符集转换器”的时候,由于character_set_client=gbk,而character_set_connection也等于gbk,所以从客户端传送过来的数据(其实是utf8格式)并不会被转换格式。
但是,字符集转换器在讲数据发送给服务器的时候,发现服务器要的格式是utf8,所以会将当前数 据当做gbk格式来处理,从而转成utf8(但是,这一步其实已经错了。。。)。
2. result与客户端页面不符合的时候
将返回结果的格式设置为utf8,但是客户端接受的格式为gbk,因此会出现乱码
通过show character set 语法,可以显示所有可用的字符集
latin字符集
注意:Maxlen列显示用于存储一个字符的最大的字节数目。
utf8字符集
gbk字符集
什么时候会丢失数据?
对比以上三幅图可以知道,每种字符集中,用于存储一个字符的最大的字节数目都不同,utf8最大,latin最小。所以在经过字符集转换器的时候,如果处理不当,会造成数据丢失,而且是无法挽回的。
比如:
将character_set_connection的值改为lantin的时候
从客户端发送过来的gbk数据,会被转成lantin1格式,因为gbk格式的数据占用的字符数较多,从而会造成数据丢失
总结:
character_set_client和character_set_results 一般情况下要一致,因为一个表示客户端发送的数据格式,另一个表示客户端接受的数据格式为了避免造成数据丢失,需让 character_set_connection的字符编码 大于 character_set_client的字符编码
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