MySql官方手册学习笔记1 MySql简单上手_MySQL
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连接与断开服务器
连接服务器通常需要提供一个MySQL用户名并且很可能需要一个 密码。如果服务器运行在登录服务器之外的其它机器上,还需要指定主机名:shell> <strong>mysql -h <em>host</em> -u <em>user</em> -p</strong>
Enter password: <strong>********</strong>
host代表MySQL服务器运行的主机名,user代表MySQL账户用户名,******** 代表你的密码。
如果有效,你应该看见mysql>提示符后的一些介绍信息:
shell> <strong>mysql -h <em>host</em> -u <em>user</em> -p</strong>
Enter password: <strong>********</strong>
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 25338 to server version: 5.1.2-alpha-standard
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>
mysql> 提示符告诉你mysql准备为你输入命令。
一些MySQL安装允许用户以匿名(未命名)用户连接到本地主机上运行的服务器。如果你的机器是这种情况,你应该能不带任何选项地调用mysql与该服务器连接:
shell> <strong>mysql</strong>
成功地连接后,可以在mysql>提示下输入QUIT (或/q)随时退出:
mysql> QUIT
Bye
在Unix中,也可以按control-D键断开服务器。
简单熟悉一下
下面是一个简单的命令,要求服务器告诉它的版本号和当前日期。在mysql>提示输入如下命令并按回车键:
mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;//一个命令通常由SQL语句组成,随后跟着一个分号。
+-----------------+--------------+
| VERSION() | CURRENT_DATE |
+-----------------+--------------+
| 5.1.2-alpha-log | 2005-10-11 |
+-----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
另外,mysql能够以大小写输入关键词。下列查询是等价的:
mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;
mysql> select version(), current_date;
mysql> SeLeCt vErSiOn(), current_DATE;
这是另外一个查询,它说明你能将mysql用作一个简单的计算器:
mysql> SELECT SIN(PI()/4), (4+1)*5;
+------------------+---------+
| SIN(PI()/4) | (4+1)*5 |
+------------------+---------+
| 0.70710678118655 | 25 |
+------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
至此显示的命令是相当短的单行语句。你可以在一行上输入多条语句,只需要以一个分号间隔开各语句:
mysql> SELECT VERSION(); SELECT NOW();
+-----------------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------------+
| 5.1.2-alpha-log |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+---------------------+
| NOW() |
+---------------------+
| 2005-10-11 15:15:00 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
不必全在一个行内给出一个命令,较长命令可以输入到多个行中。mysql是通过寻找终止分号来决定语句在哪儿结束的。(换句话说,mysql收集输入行但直到看见分号才执行。)
这里是一个简单的多行语句的例子:
mysql> SELECT
-> <strong>USER()</strong>
-> <strong>,</strong>
-> <strong>CURRENT_DATE;</strong>
+---------------+--------------+
| USER() | CURRENT_DATE |
+---------------+--------------+
| jon@localhost | 2005-10-11 |
+---------------+--------------+
在这个例子中,在输入多行查询的第一行后,要注意提示符从mysql>变为->,这正是mysql指出它没见到完整的语句并且正在等待剩余的部分。提示符是你的朋友,因为它提供有价值的反馈,如果使用该反馈,将总是知道mysql正在等待什么。
如果你决定不想执行正在输入过程中的一个命令,输入/c取消它:
mysql> SELECT
-> <strong>USER()</strong>
-> <strong>/c</strong>
mysql>
这里也要注意提示符,在你输入/c以后,它切换回到mysql>,提供反馈以表明mysql准备接受一个新命令。
下表显示出可以看见的各个提示符并简述它们所表示的mysql的状态:
提示符 |
含义 |
mysql> |
准备好接受新命令。 |
-> |
等待多行命令的下一行。 |
'> |
等待下一行,等待以单引号(“'”)开始的字符串的结束。 |
"> |
等待下一行,等待以双引号(“"”)开始的字符串的结束。 |
`> |
等待下一行,等待以反斜点(‘`')开始的识别符的结束。 |
/*> |
等待下一行,等待以/*开始的注释的结束。 |
在字符串收集期间将出现 '> 和 "> 提示符(提示MySQL正等待字符串的结束)。在MySQL中,可以写由‘''或‘"'字符括起来的字符串 (例如,'hello'或"goodbye"),并且mysql允许输入跨越多行的字符串。当看到一个 '> 或 "> 提示符时,这意味着已经输入了包含以‘''或‘"'括号字符开始的字符串的一行,但是还没有输入终止字符串的匹配引号。这显示你粗心地省掉了一个引号字符。例如:
mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = 'Smith AND age
'>
如果你输入SELECT语句,然后按Enter(回车)键并等待结果,什么都没有出现。不要惊讶,“为什么该查询这么长呢?”,注意">提示符提供的线索。它告诉你mysql期望见到一个未终止字符串的余下部分。(你看见语句中的错误吗?字符串"Smith丢掉了第二个引号。)
走到这一步,你该做什么?最简单的是取消命令。然而,在这种情况下,你不能只是输入/c,因为mysql作为它正在收集的字符串的一部分来解释它!相反,应输入关闭的引号字符(这样mysql知道你完成了字符串),然后输入/c:
mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = 'Smith AND age
'> '/c
mysql>
提示符回到mysql>,显示mysql准备好接受一个新命令了。
`> 提示符类似于 '> 和"> 提示符,但表示你已经开始但没有结束以`> 开始的识别符。
知道'>和">提示符的含义很重要,因为如果你错误地输入一个未终止的字符串,任何后面输入的行将要被mysql忽略--包括包含QUIT的行!这可能令人相当困惑,特别是如果取消当前命令前还不知道你需要提供终止引号。
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