Golang uses multipart to upload large files to external API. How to avoid `io.Copy(io.Writer, io.Reader)` problems

Question content

My goal is to use golang's built-in net/http package to upload a large file to POST https://somehost /media .

HTTP format for Api call

POST /media HTTP/1.1
Host: somehost
Content-Length: 434
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="detail"

More and more detail
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="some_big_video.mp4"
Content-Type: <Content-Type header here>

(data)
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In golang, this is the code.

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "bytes"
  "mime/multipart"
  "os"
  "path/filepath"
  "io"
  "net/http"
  "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {

  url := "https://somehost/media"
  method := "POST"

  payload := &bytes.Buffer{}
  writer := multipart.NewWriter(payload)
  _ = writer.WriteField("details", "more and more details")
  file, errFile3 := os.Open("/Users/vajahat/Downloads/some_big_video.mp4")
  defer file.Close()
  part3,errFile3 := writer.CreateFormFile("file","some_big_video.mp4")
  _, errFile3 = io.Copy(part3, file)
  if errFile3 != nil {
    fmt.Println(errFile3)
    return
  }
  err := writer.Close()
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    return
  }
  client := &http.Client {}
  req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, payload)

  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    return
  }

  req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
  res, err := client.Do(req)
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    return
  }
  defer res.Body.Close()

  body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    return
  }
  fmt.Println(string(body))
}

How to avoidio.Copy(io.Writer, io.Reader)Problems

The above code works fine, but on the line _, errFile3 = io.Copy(part3, file). This essentially copies everything in the file into main memory.

How to avoid this situation?

Is there any way I can stream large files to the api via multipart-formdata?

The program will be run on the remote server. May crash if opening a very large file.

Correct Answer

Use io.Pipe and a goroutine to copy the file to the request without loading the entire file in memory.

pr, pw := io.Pipe()
writer := multipart.NewWriter(pw)
ct := writer.FormDataContentType()
go func() {
    _ = writer.WriteField("details", "more and more details")
    file, err := os.Open("/Users/vajahat/Downloads/some_big_video.mp4")
    if err != nil {
        pw.CloseWithError(err)
        return
    }
    defer file.Close()
    part3, err := writer.CreateFormFile("file", "some_big_video.mp4")
    if err != nil {
        pw.CloseWithError(err)
        return
    }
    _, err = io.Copy(part3, file)
    if err != nil {
        pw.CloseWithError(err)
        return
    }
    pw.CloseWithError(writer.Close())
}()

client := &http.Client{}
req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, pr)

if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    return
}

req.Header.Set("Content-Type", ct)
// remaining code as before

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