


How to use jackc/pgx with connection pooling, contexts, prepared statements, etc.
我仍然不是 golang 专家,仍在学习中。这也是我第一次接触postgresql
import "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool" const DB = "postgres://postgres:xxx@localhost:5432/mydb?pool_min_conns=1&pool_max_conns=5&pool_max_conn_idle_time=30s" dbpool, err := pgxpool.New(context.Background(), DB) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Unable to create connection pool: "+err.Error()) } defer dbpool.Close()
<强>1。如何从池中获取连接并使用准备好的语句,将 SQL 和 SQL 值作为两个单独的参数传递?
来自 PHP,之前从未使用过数据库池。
<强>2。如何确保从池中拉出连接时是“新鲜”的,并且不会继续之前未完成的事务(回滚/提交)?
<强>3。当您将连接释放回池时也是如此。如果上下文取消或者请求失败,会自动回滚吗?
<强>4。请求数据库时如何使用goroutine?是否可以在同一事务中进行并行选择查询,或者所有查询都必须是串行的?我想所有写入查询都必须是串行的?
正确答案
一般情况下你不会。池负责连接的管理(获取和释放)以及准备语句的管理(创建和缓存)。
但是,如果您想保持控制,则可以使用 Acquire
方法,或其任何相关方法。
类似地,如果您想手动创建并重用准备好的语句(例如,您需要在紧密循环中执行相同的查询,但您不想依赖池对准备好的语句的缓存),那么您可以使用获取的连接的 Conn
方法返回连接的 *pgx.Conn
表示,以及它有一个名为 Prepare
的方法。
池的获取方法返回可用连接。根据定义,正在使用的连接(即未释放的连接)不可用,并且不会由 Acquire 方法返回。
释放回池的连接所持有的资源,如果不空闲,将被销毁。。关于事务提交/回滚,它们都不会被自动调用, 文档明确指出:“必须对返回的事务调用提交或回滚才能最终确定事务块。”
该池可以安全地并发使用。但是 pgxpool.Conn
和 pgxpool.Tx
可以安全地并发使用。
示例:
Begin
不支持自动回滚或自动提交,您自己必须,如 文档,调用 Rollback
或 Commit
来“敲定交易区块”。
func f(ctx context.Context, pool *pgxpool.Pool) (err error) { tx, err := pool.Begin(ctx) if err != nil { return err } defer func() { if err != nil { tx.Rollback(ctx) } else { tx.Commit(ctx) } }() _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, "insert into users (email) values ($1)", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="8cefcce9e1a2efe3e1">[email protected]</a>") if err != nil { return err } var id int row := tx.QueryRow(ctx, "select id from users where email = $1", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c5a685a0a8eba6aaa8">[email protected]</a>") if err := row.Scan(&id); err != nil { return err } // NOTE: the above is just an example, if you need the auto // generated id of an inserted record, please use the RETURNING // clause supported by PostgreSQL. return nil }
但是,您可以使用 BeginFunc
如果您希望 pgx 为您处理 Rollback
或 Commit
事务。
func f(ctx context.Context, pool *pgxpool.Pool) (err error) { return pool.BeginFunc(ctx, func(tx pgx.Tx) error { _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, "insert into users (email) values ($1)", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="e98aa98c84c78a8684">[email protected]</a>") if err != nil { return err } var id int row := tx.QueryRow(ctx, "select id from users where email = $1", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="492a092c24672a2624">[email protected]</a>") if err := row.Scan(&id); err != nil { return err } // NOTE: the above is just an example, if you need the auto // generated id of an inserted record, please use the RETURNING // clause supported by PostgreSQL. return nil }) }
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