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基于mysq字段选择的详解_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:24 PM
mysql string space

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mysql支持很多字段类型,包括数值类型、日期/时间类型和字符串(字符)类型;在使用时需要考虑到存储空间,存储效率;
几种列类型描述使用了下述惯例:
  M
表示最大显示宽度。最大有效显示宽度是255。
  D
时间类型:datetime(8bytes),timestamp(4bytes)
字符类型:
VARCHAR(M),L+1个字节,其中LCHAR(M)M个字节,0 BINARY(M),M个字节,0 VARBINARY(M),L+1个字节,其中L ENUM('value1','value2',...),1或2个字节,取决于枚举值的个数(最多65,535个值),调整比较复杂,需要先drop在create;在枚举值小于255时,占1个字节,大于255时占2个字节;
SET('value1','value2',...)1、2、3、4或者8个字节,取决于set成员的数目(最多64个成员),1-8占1个字节,9-16占2个字节,17-24占3个字节,25-32占4个字节,33-64占8个字节;
整型类型:
tinyint(8),一个字节
smallint(16),2个字节
mediumint(24),3个字节
int(32),4个字节
bigint(64),8个字节
实型类型:
float(4bytes)
Float(M,D)  单精度浮点型,精确到小数点后面6位,双精度double(M,D)精确到小数点后面13位;
float 内存如何存储
        
类型
 存储位数
 总位数
 偏移值

 数符(S)
 阶码(E)
 尾数(M)
 (offset)

短实数(float)
    1
    8
   23
    32
 127

长实数(double)
    1
    11
   52
    64
  1023

Float怎么存储
N (10) = 123.456,
换算成二进制表示:
N (2) = 1111011. 01110100101111001
= 1. 11101101110100101111001(...) * 2^6
 那么 E = 127 + 6 = 133(10) = 10000101(2)
M = 111 0110 1110 1001 0111 1001 (省略了最高数字位1, 共23bit)
 组合起来就是:
S         E                       M
0        10000101     111 0110 1110 1001 0111 1001

整型类型:
Decimal(M,D)占M+2个字节,小数点和符号需要
各自占一个字节;
DECIMAL 可能的最大取值范围与DOUBLE 一样
,但是其有效的取值范围由M 和D 的值决定,存蓄
的方式是字符串;
Decimal(M,D)占M+2个字节,小数点和符号需要各自占一个字节;
DECIMAL 可能的最大取值范围与DOUBLE 一样,但是其有效的取值范围由M 和D 的值决定,存蓄的方式是字符串;

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