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关于mysql合并表的详细介绍_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:24 PM
mysql

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mysql创建合并表和分区表有点相似,他是mysql 的一种特性,可以把多个结构相同的myisam表合并为一个虚表,存续引擎必须是merge,当从合并表中查询就像从子表中查询一样,和视图有写相似,当创建合并表时也有自己的frm和mrg 文件。
合并表创建方法
create table t3(a  int  primary key );
create table t4(a  int  primary key );
create  table mrg(a int  primary key )  union=(t3,t4)  insert_method=last;
这里需要注意,当2个子表中有相同的列时,创建合并表并不会唯一
mysql> select * from mrg;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
+---+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t3;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+---+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t4;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
+---+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
a=2的列在父表里面并不唯一即使你使用了PRIMARY  KEY 约束也一样。
insert_method=last选项有2个值,first  和 last  他说明插入值时是在第一个表还是最有一个,一般查询访问时是顺序访问union中的表顺序的。
当删除了父表,子表任然可以访问
mysql> drop table mrg;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t3;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+---+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec);
当删除子表父表不能访问
mysql> drop table t3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mrg;
ERROR 1168 (HY000): Unable to open underlying table which is differently define
or of non-MyISAM type or doesn't exist;
同时如果你的子表定义不一致的话,父表能创建成功,但是不能正常访问。

合并表比非合并表含有更多的文件描述符,他的访问其实是打开了子表,所以缓存中的数据可能对应有多个文件描述符,在合并表中虽然有可能有相同的值,但是只要查询找到了第一个想要的值,查询就会停止

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