How to test library functions in Golang

In Golang, testing is an important part of ensuring code quality. Whether you are developing a library function or an application, comprehensive testing is required to verify its functionality and performance. So, how to test library functions in Golang? First, we need to write test code to cover various usage scenarios of the library functions. Secondly, use Golang's built-in testing tools for unit testing, such as using functions in the testing package to write test cases and using the go test command to run the tests. Additionally, third-party tools and frameworks are available for more advanced testing, such as GoConvey and Testify. Through these methods, we can effectively test library functions to ensure their normal functionality and improve the reliability and maintainability of the code.

Question content

I'm learning Go, so I'm writing some basic utilities and libraries for fun that I can reuse in other modules.

I can use them just fine when importing them into another module (e.g. using go get).

As I understand it, when trying to run a go application/module, Go will look for the package main and main function to know the entry point.

The problem is that these libraries are not in "package main", not in main.go, and there is no main function, so how should I use the cli and use go run . to test the behavior of my function?

Do I absolutely need to create another module with a main.go file inside package main? Or do I need to create a test file and use go test ?

Thanks!

Solution

Non-main packages (i.e. library packages) cannot be run.

To run the code within it, you must either run the main package that imports and run its code, or write a test function in the _test.go file to run the code. Note that test files are not just for unit testing; You can write anything you want in them, and they are often easier than creating a new main package for testing.

Modern IDEs now allow you to easily run individual tests in debug mode, so you can step through your code and see if it works as expected. If you prefer to print debug and perform everything from the command line, you can still run individual tests and see the printout like this:

// something_test.go
package mylibrary

func testsomefunction(t *testing.t) {
    somefunction()
}

go test mylibrary -v -run TestSomeFunction

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