How to extend XFS root partition in Linux

In Linux systems, sometimes the disk space of the / partition will be insufficient. Even compressing and deleting old log files did not solve the problem, at this point we could only expand the / file system. This article will describe how to extend the xfs root partition in a non-LVM logical volume on a Linux system.

First, we need to extend the system disk with additional space, and then use the growpart and xfs_growfs commands to extend the root partition (or file system).

This article uses VMware Workstation, the installed operating system is Centos8, and the disk space is 20GB. / root partition size is 17GB.

Check / Partition Size

Rundf -Th /View the size of the current root partition:

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th /
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p2 xfs    17G  1.6G   16G  10% /

Verify the size of the operating system disk using the lsblk and fdisk commands:

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/nvme0n1
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1

The above output shows that the size of the OS disk is 17 GB.

Installation system disk expansion

Increase the OS disk size, I changed the OS disk size from 20 GB to 40 GB.

This article uses VMware Workstation. You need to shut down the operating system and then perform disk expansion.

Partition expansion was 20GB before.

The following will expand the system disk to 40GB.

You can see that the expansion has been completed. The next step is to start the system.

Expand the root partition based on xfs file system

To extend the root partition, we need to use the growpart and xfs_growfs commands. We need to install this command:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install cloud-utils-growpart gdisk

After the expansion is completed, check the disk capacity:

The above output confirms that the OS disk size is now 40 GB, now let us extend the root partition using the following command.

Run the growpart command on the second partition of the /dev/sda disk (we use 2 as the partition number because our / partition is the second partition on the disk).

[root@localhost ~]# growpart /dev/nvme0n1 2

CHANGED: partition=2 start=1026048 old: size=35651584 end=36677632 new: size=82859999 end=83886047

Check it:

Note that if you want to use the growpart command to expand the / partition, there cannot be other partitions behind the partition, otherwise the expansion will not be possible. The following information will be prompted:

If there is a swap partition under the / partition, you can only delete the swap partition and then execute growpart to expand the / root partition.

使用df -Th 看一下 / 分区是否已扩容：

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT /
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p2 xfs    17G  1.7G   16G  10% /

发现分区没有扩容。下面需要用到xfs_growfs命令来扩容xfs分区：

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n1p2         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1114112 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4456448, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4456448 to 10357499

下面使用df -Th 看一下 / 分区是否已扩容：

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT /
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p2 xfs    40G  1.8G   38G   5% /

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