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mysql 表索引的一些要点_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:25 PM
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1、表的主键、外键必须有索引;

2、数据量超过300的表应该有索引;

3、经常与其他表进行连接的表,在连接字段上应该建立索引;

4、经常出现在Where子句中的字段,特别是大表的字段,应该建立索引;

5、索引应该建在选择性高的字段上;

6、索引应该建在小字段上,对于大的文本字段甚至超长字段,不要建索引;

7、复合索引的建立需要进行仔细分析;尽量考虑用单字段索引代替:

       A、正确选择复合索引中的主列字段,一般是选择性较好的字段;
       B、复合索引的几个字段是否经常同时以AND方式出现在Where子句中?单字段查询是否极少甚至没有?如果是,则可以建立复合索引;否则考虑单字段索引;
       C、如果复合索引中包含的字段经常单独出现在Where子句中,则分解为多个单字段索引;
       D、如果复合索引所包含的字段超过3个,那么仔细考虑其必要性,考虑减少复合的字段;
       E、如果既有单字段索引,又有这几个字段上的复合索引,一般可以删除复合索引;

8、频繁进行数据操作的表,不要建立太多的索引;

9、删除无用的索引,避免对执行计划造成负面影响;

以上是一些普遍的建立索引时的判断依据。一言以蔽之,索引的建立必须慎重,对每个索引的必要性都应该经过仔细分析,要有建立的依据。因为太多的索引与不充分、不正确的索引对性能都毫无益处:在表上建立的每个索引都会增加存储开销,索引对于插入、删除、更新操作也会增加处理上的开销。另外,过多的复合索引,在有单字段索引的情况下,一般都是没有存在价值的;相反,还会降低数据增加删除时的性能,特别是对频繁更新的表来说,负面影响更大。

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