Home Database Mysql Tutorial CentOS安装并设置MariaDB_MySQL

CentOS安装并设置MariaDB_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:26 PM
user

MariaDBCentOS

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作者: 铁锚

日期: 2013年12月27日

部分参考: Centos 使用YUM安装MariaDB

说明: 首先必须能链接外网. 如果不能直接访问,那也可以设置代理,请参考: 在内网机器上设置yum代理

使用 yum 的权限要求是 root 用户,如果你不是,那么可以需要 在 shell命令之前加上 sudo, 即 切换到 super 管理员进行操作. 并可能需要输入密码.

1. 添加 yum 数据源;

建议命名为 MariaDB.repo 类似的名字:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo然后,写入文件内容:  
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# /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-12-23 10:27 UTC# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/[mariadb]name = MariaDBbaseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDBgpgcheck=1
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该文件的内容是参考官网,并从官网上生成的,设置安装源仓库的 具体的地址为: https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
选择好操作系统版本之后既可以查看,其他操作系统的安装源也可以在此处查看并设置。

2. 安装数据库

# yum remove MariaDB-server MariaDB-clientyum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
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如果要删除旧的数据库可以使用remove, 参数 -y 是确认,不用提示。此处,安装的是服务器和客户端,一般来说安装这两个就可以了。

3. 启动数据库

如果不用进行其他的操作,则现在就可以直接启动数据库,并进行测试了。

# 查看mysql状态;关闭数据库# service mysql status# service mysql stop# 启动数据库service mysql start
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4. 修改root密码
#  修改root密码mysqladmin -u root password 'root'
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因为安装好以后的root密码是空,所以需要设置; 如果是测试服务器,那么你可以直接使用root,不重要的密码很多时候可以设置为和用户名一致,以免忘记了又想不起来。

如果是重要的服务器,请使用复杂密码,例如邮箱,各种自由组合的规则的字符等。

5. 登录数据库

mysql -u root -p
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如果是本机,那可以直接使用上面的命令登录,当然,需要输入密码. 如果是其他机器,那么可能需要如下的形式:
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p
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6. 简单SQL测试

>-- 查看MySQL的状态status;-- 显示支持的引擎show engines;-- 显示所有数据库show databases;-- 切换数据库上下文,即设置当前会话的默认数据库use test;-- 显示本数据库所有的表show tables;-- 创建一个表CREATE TABLE t_test (  id int(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  userId char(36),  lastLoginTime timestamp,  PRIMARY KEY (id)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- 插入测试数据insert into t_test(userId)	values('admin'),('haha');-- 简单查询select * from t_test;select id,userId from t_test  where userId='admin' ;
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7. 修改数据存放目录
mysql, MariaDB 的默认数据存放在 /var/lib/mysql/ 目录下,如果不想放到此处,或者是想要程序和数据分离,或者是磁盘原因,需要切换到其他路径,则可以通过修改 datadir系统变量来达成目的.
# 停止数据库service mysql stop# 创建目录,假设没有的话mkdir /usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data# 拷贝默认数据库到新的位置# -a 命令是将文件属性一起拷贝,否则各种问题cp -a /var/lib/mysql /usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data# 备份原来的数据cp -a /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_original# 其实查看 /etc/my.cnf 文件可以发现# MariaDB 的此文件之中只有一个包含语句# 所以需要修改的配置文件为 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnfcp /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf_originalvim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
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然后 按 i 进入编辑模式,可以插入相关内容.使用键盘的上下左右键可以移动光标, 编辑完成以后,按 ESC 退出编辑模式(进入命令模式), 然后输入命令:wq 保存并退出
# 在文件的 mysqld 节下添加内容[mysqld]datadir=/usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock#default-character-set=utf8character_set_server=utf8slow_query_log=onslow_query_log_file=/usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data/slow_query_log.loglong_query_time=2
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其中,也只有 datadir 和 socket 比较重要; 而 default-character-set 是 mysql 自己认识的,而 mariadb5.5 就不认识,相当于变成了 character_set_server

然后重新启动MySQL.
service mysql start
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下一篇文章,将会进行MariaDB的复制(Master --> Slave).

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