CentOS安装并设置MariaDB_MySQL
MariaDBCentOS
bitsCN.com作者: 铁锚
日期: 2013年12月27日
部分参考: Centos 使用YUM安装MariaDB
说明: 首先必须能链接外网. 如果不能直接访问,那也可以设置代理,请参考: 在内网机器上设置yum代理
使用 yum 的权限要求是 root 用户,如果你不是,那么可以需要 在 shell命令之前加上 sudo, 即 切换到 super 管理员进行操作. 并可能需要输入密码.
1. 添加 yum 数据源;
建议命名为 MariaDB.repo 类似的名字:
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo然后,写入文件内容:
# /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-12-23 10:27 UTC# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/[mariadb]name = MariaDBbaseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDBgpgcheck=1
选择好操作系统版本之后既可以查看,其他操作系统的安装源也可以在此处查看并设置。
2. 安装数据库
# yum remove MariaDB-server MariaDB-clientyum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
3. 启动数据库
如果不用进行其他的操作,则现在就可以直接启动数据库,并进行测试了。
# 查看mysql状态;关闭数据库# service mysql status# service mysql stop# 启动数据库service mysql start
# 修改root密码mysqladmin -u root password 'root'
如果是重要的服务器,请使用复杂密码,例如邮箱,各种自由组合的规则的字符等。
5. 登录数据库
mysql -u root -p
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p
6. 简单SQL测试
>-- 查看MySQL的状态status;-- 显示支持的引擎show engines;-- 显示所有数据库show databases;-- 切换数据库上下文,即设置当前会话的默认数据库use test;-- 显示本数据库所有的表show tables;-- 创建一个表CREATE TABLE t_test ( id int(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, userId char(36), lastLoginTime timestamp, PRIMARY KEY (id)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- 插入测试数据insert into t_test(userId) values('admin'),('haha');-- 简单查询select * from t_test;select id,userId from t_test where userId='admin' ;
mysql, MariaDB 的默认数据存放在 /var/lib/mysql/ 目录下,如果不想放到此处,或者是想要程序和数据分离,或者是磁盘原因,需要切换到其他路径,则可以通过修改 datadir系统变量来达成目的.
# 停止数据库service mysql stop# 创建目录,假设没有的话mkdir /usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data# 拷贝默认数据库到新的位置# -a 命令是将文件属性一起拷贝,否则各种问题cp -a /var/lib/mysql /usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data# 备份原来的数据cp -a /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_original# 其实查看 /etc/my.cnf 文件可以发现# MariaDB 的此文件之中只有一个包含语句# 所以需要修改的配置文件为 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnfcp /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf_originalvim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
# 在文件的 mysqld 节下添加内容[mysqld]datadir=/usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock#default-character-set=utf8character_set_server=utf8slow_query_log=onslow_query_log_file=/usr/local/ieternal/mysql_data/slow_query_log.loglong_query_time=2
然后重新启动MySQL.
service mysql start
下一篇文章,将会进行MariaDB的复制(Master --> Slave).
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