一网打尽2013最常用的NoSQL数据库_MySQL
NoSQL
在几年内，NoSQL数据库一直以性能、可扩展性、灵活的模式和分析能力聚焦着人们的注意力。尽管关系型数据库对于某些用例来说仍是一个不错的选择，就像结构数据和要求ACID事务的应用，但是NoSQL在以下用例中将更具优势：
- 存储的数据实质上是半结构化或者松散的。
- 要求一定的等级的性能和扩展性。
- 存取该数据的应用与最终的一致性相吻合。
非关系型数据库典型支持以下功能：
- 灵活的模式
- 无共享架构
- 分片作为数据存储模型的一部分
- 异步复制
- 使用BASE替代ACID事务
InfoQ英文网对当下经常使用的NoSQL数据库进行了盘点：
文档数据库
- MongoDB：开源、面向文档，也是当下最人气的NoSQL数据库。
- CounchDB：Apache CounchDB是一个使用JSON的文档数据库，使用Javascript做MapReduce查询，以及一个使用HTTP的API。
- Couchbase：NoSQL文档数据库基于JSON模型。
- RavenDB：RavenDB是一个基于.net语言的面向文档数据库。
-
MarkLogic：MarkLogic NoSQL数据库用来存储基于XML和以文档为中心的信息，支持灵活的模式。
图数据库
- Neo4j： Neo4j是一个图数据库；支持ACID事务（原子性、独立性、持久性和一致性）
- InfiniteGraph：一个图数据库用来维持和遍历对象间的关系，支持分布式数据存储。
- AllegroGraph：AllegroGraph是结合使用了内存和磁盘，提供了高可扩展性，支持SPARQ、RDFS++和Prolog推理。
-
其他图数据库。
键值数据存储
- Riak：Riak是一个开源，分布式键值数据库，支持数据复制和容错。
- Redis：Redis是一个开源的键值存储。支持主从式复制、事务，Pub/Sub、Lua脚本，还支持给Key添加时限。
- Dynamo：Dynamo是一个键值分布式数据存储。它直接由亚马逊Dynamo数据库实现；在亚马逊S3产品中使用。
- Oracle NoSQL Database：来自Oracle的键值NoSQL数据库。它支持事务ACID（原子性、一致性、持久性和独立性）和JSON。
- Oracle NoSQL Database：具备数据备份和分布式键值存储系统。
- Voldemort：具备数据备份和分布式键值存储系统。
- Aerospike：Aerospike数据库是一个键值存储，支持混合内存架构，通过强一致性和可调一致性保证数据的完整性。
列存储数据库
- Cassandra：Cassandra是列存储数据库，支持跨数据中心的数据复制。它的数据模型提供列索引，log-structured修改，支持反规范化，实体化视图和嵌入超高速缓存。
- HBase：Apache Hbase源于Google的Bigtable，是一个开源、分布式、面向列存储的模型。在Hadoop和HDFS之上提供了像Bigtable一样的功能。
- Amazon SimpleDB：Amazon SimpleDB是一个非关系型数据存储，它卸下数据库管理的工作。开发者使用Web服务请求存储和查询数据项。
- Apache Accumulo：Apache Accumulo的有序的、分布式键值数据存储，基于Google的BigTable设计，建立在Apache Hadoop、Zookeeper和Thrift技术之上。
- Hypertable：Hypertable是一个开源、可扩展的数据库，模仿Bigtable，支持分片。
- Azure Tables：Windows Azure Table Storage Service为要求大量非结构化数据存储的应用提供NoSQL性能。表能够自动扩展到TB级别，能通过REST和Managed API访问。
- 其它列存储数据库。
内存数据网格
- Hazelcast：Hazelcast CE是一个开源数据分布平台，它允许开发者在数据库集群之上共享和分割数据。
- Oracle Coherence：Oracle的内存数据网格解决方案提供了常用数据的快速访问能力，一致性支持事务处理能力和数据的动态划分。
- Terracotta BigMemory：来自Terracotta的分布式内存管理解决方案。这项产品包括一个Ehcache界面、Terracotta管理控制台和BigMemory-Hadoop连接器。
- GemFire：Vmware vFabric GemFire是一个分布式数据管理平台，也是一个分布式的数据网格平台，支持内存数据管理、复制、划分、数据识别路由和连续查询。
- Infinispan：Infinispan是一个基于Java的开源键值NoSQL数据存储，和分布式数据节点平台，支持事务，peer-to-peer 及client/server 架构。
- GridGain：分布式、面向对象、基于内存、SQL+NoSQL键值数据库。支持ACID事务。
- GigaSpaces：GigaSpaces内存数据网格能够充当应用的记录系统，并支持各种各样的高速缓存场景。
原文链接： NoSQL Database Adoption Trends
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