How to SSH to a specific directory in a Linux server and execute commands?

Have you ever encountered such a scene? Use the SSH command to enter the server, then use the cd command to enter the corresponding directory, and then continue your work.

This kind of operation is very common for novices, and it was the same before. In this article, experienced drivers will lead you to perform more efficient operations and achieve the results you want in just one step.

Moreover, not only can you quickly enter a specific directory on the Linux server, but you can also execute a corresponding command when connecting to the server.

Inefficient operation method

If you don’t know the method introduced in this article, you are likely to do it in two steps:

Step one: Use SSH command to enter the remote server

ssh user@remote-system

Step 2: Use the cd command to enter the directory you want

cd 

Quickly enter the specified directory on the server with one command

The method mentioned above is certainly possible, but it is too inefficient. You need to use two commands to do this, but in fact, you can use one command to achieve the effect you want, such as:

ssh -t pi@192.168.0.116 'cd /home/pi/tests ; bash'

With this command, we can directly enter the corresponding directory (i.e. /home/pi/tests) in the Raspberry Pi (remote server). You can then continue your work.

Here, the -t option is to force pseudo-terminal allocation even if standard input is not a terminal. If not added, the following prompt may appear:

Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin

Here we use another animation to visually demonstrate this process:

In addition, you can also use the following command:

ssh -t pi@192.168.0.116 'cd /home/pi/tests ; exec bash'

or:

ssh -t pi@192.168.0.116 'cd /home/pi/tests && exec bash -l'

Here, the -l option sets this bash as the login shell.

In the above three commands, the last parameters are all bash, because the default shell interpreter of my remote server is bash. If you don't know the shell interpreter used by your remote server, you can use the following command:

ssh -t pi@192.168.0.116 'cd /home/pi/tests && exec $SHELL'

One command to remotely execute server commands

As mentioned at the beginning of this article, we can not only use a command to enter the specified directory of the remote server, but also use a command to remotely execute server commands. We can even use a command to enter the specified directory of the remote server and execute another command.

In fact, the methods used are the same. For example, if we want to enter the /home/pi/tests directory of Raspberry Pi, and then execute the ls -al command, we You can enter the command like this:

ssh -t pi@192.168.0.116 'cd /home/pi/tests && ls -al && exec $SHELL'

The execution results are as follows:

[Alvin.Alvin-computer] ➤ ssh -t pi@192.168.0.116 'cd /home/pi/tests && ls -al && exec $SHELL'
total 48
drwxr-xr-x  4 pi pi 4096 Apr  5 14:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 21 pi pi 4096 Apr 21 19:26 ..
drwxrwxrwx  7 pi pi 4096 Apr  5 17:28 GIC
drwxrwxrwx  3 pi pi 4096 Apr  5 17:37 gitchat
-rw-r--r--  1 pi pi  474 Apr  5 11:21 liangxu.json
-rwxr-xr-x  1 pi pi 8184 Mar 17 15:34 test
-rwxr-xr-x  1 pi pi 8184 Mar 17 15:34 test2
-rwxr-xr-x  1 pi pi 8184 Mar 17 15:34 test3
-rw-r--r--  1 pi pi  131 Mar 17 15:34 test.c

A compromise solution

If you think this command is too long to type, you must first enter the server and then cd to the corresponding directory. Then, we can modify the .bashrc file of the remote server.

vim ~/.bashrc

Write the command you want to execute in it. For example, in this scenario, we can add:

cd /home/pi/tests >& /dev/null

Then we execute :wq to save the file, and then execute the following command to make the changes take effect:

source ~/.bashrc
或者
. ~/.bashrc

In this way, as soon as we enter the server, we will automatically enter the /home/pi/tests directory. As shown in the following animation:

However, this has an obvious drawback, that is, we can only enter the directory we specify. If we want to change to another directory, we can only change the .bashrc file. 1

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