Table of Contents
1. 监控内存:" >1. 监控内存:
监控磁盘" >监控磁盘
监控 CPU" >监控 CPU
Stress 测试" >Stress 测试
Home System Tutorial LINUX How to monitor Linux with a 10-line bash shell script?

How to monitor Linux with a 10-line bash shell script?

Feb 12, 2024 pm 03:03 PM
linux linux tutorial linux system linux command shell script embeddedlinux Getting started with linux linux learning

监控我们的环境对于服务器运维至关重要,特别是在部署新应用程序时。如今,许多公司每天都在使用开源解决方案来监控系统资源。但是,当我们需要在一段时间内进行测试监控时,bash脚本就会派上用场。

在本教程中,我们将编写一个bash shell脚本,它将输出一个三列表,显示我们计算机上内存、磁盘和CPU的百分比使用情况。

让我们开始吧!

这个脚本主要由三个部分组成:

1. 监控内存:

free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf "%.2f%%\t\t", $3*100/$2 }'
9.24%
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free -m 是用于显示已使用和空闲内存的命令,输出如下:

[root@localhost tmp]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           996         92        904          0         11         31
-/+ buffers/cache:         49        947
Swap:         1583          0       1583
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但是,我们需要从上面的输出中获取第二行的总内存和已用内存。我们可以使用 AWK 来从给定输出中提取数据。

AWK 是一种用于文本处理和数据提取的编程语言。它是大多数 UNIX 系统的标准功能。awk ‘NR==2’ 从第二行提取数据。$3$2 分别充当已用量和总量。

监控磁盘

df -h | awk '$NF=="/"{printf "%s\t\t", $5}'
7%
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第二个命令输出使用的磁盘百分比。df -h 输出与磁盘使用情况和分区相关的数据。

[root@localhost tmp]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   14G  814M   12G   7% /
tmpfs                         499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                     485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
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awk $NF 输出字段数。但是,df -h | awk '$NF=="/" 将转到包含字符 / 的那一行。$5 将从该行中选择第 5 个字段。这可确保该命令能够提取正确的磁盘使用百分比(在我们的示例中为 %7)。

监控 CPU

top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf "%.2f%%\t\t\n", $(NF-2)}'
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top -bn1 命令将只执行一次 top 命令(n1 = 一次迭代),当我们想在 bash 脚本中使用 top 或将其数据输出到文件时使用可以使用 -b 选项。

grep load 将输出包含字符串 load 的行。$(NF-2) 将计算该行上的字段数并减 2。

[root@localhost tmp]# top -bn1 | grep load
top - 19:31:25 up  1:47,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
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在浏览完 bash 脚本的基本部分之后,我们需要将这些命令保存到变量 MEMORYDISKCPU 中:

MEMORY=$(free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf "%.2f%%\t\t", $3*100/$2 }')
DISK=$(df -h | awk '$NF=="/"{printf "%s\t\t", $5}')
CPU=$(top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf "%.2f%%\t\t\n", $(NF-2)}')
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我们需要脚本运行一段时间(比如,一个小时)。为了做到这一点,我们需要使用 while do 循环,每次循环后延迟 x 秒(取决于您的测试):

end=$((SECONDS+3600))
while [ $SECONDS -lt $end ]; do
echo "$MEMORY$DISK$CPU"
sleep 5
done
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为了在一定时间内运行一次循环,我们可以定义一个变量 $end,它从 bash 脚本开始的时间开始计算当前的秒数,因此是 SECONDS,并在当前秒数上加上一个数字。所以一个小时就是 3600 秒。

上述代码片段的第二行指出,只要$SECONDS(当前秒数)小于 $SECONDS+3600while 循环就会继续执行。因此,我们定义了循环的开始时间和结束时间,以及将每个循环暂停 5 秒的睡眠时间。循环内部是每 5 秒将那三个变量分配一次新值,以及将输出三个资源使用情况的 echo "$MEMORY$DISK$CPU"

完整代码如下:

#! /bin/bash
printf "Memory\t\tDisk\t\tCPU\n"
end=$((SECONDS+3600))
while [ $SECONDS -lt $end ]; do
MEMORY=$(free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf "%.2f%%\t\t", $3*100/$2 }')
DISK=$(df -h | awk '$NF=="/"{printf "%s\t\t", $5}')
CPU=$(top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf "%.2f%%\t\t\n", $(NF-2)}')
echo "$MEMORY$DISK$CPU"
sleep 5
done
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上面的代码将输出以下内容:

[root@localhost tmp]# ./stats.sh
Memory Disk CPU
9.34% 7% 0.00%
9.34% 7% 0.00%
9.34% 7% 0.00%
9.34% 7% 0.00%
^C[root@localhost tmp]#
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您始终可以将数据输出到日志文件:

[root@localhost tmp]# ./stats.sh >> log.txt
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Stress 测试

如何用 10 行 bash shell 脚本监控 Linux?

由于机器上几乎没有任何负载,我们可以使用 stress 来使 CPU 和内存负载一段时间。

使用以下命令安装(在 CentOS 上):

[root@localhost tmp]# yum install stress
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
epel/metalink                                                               | 4.2 kB     00:00     
 * base: ba.mirror.garr.it
 * epel: ftp.riken.jp
 * extras: centos.fastbull.org
 * updates: centos.fastbull.org
base                                                                        | 3.7 kB     00:00     
epel                                                                        | 4.3 kB     00:00     
epel/primary_db                                                             | 5.9 MB     00:37     
extras                                                                      | 3.4 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                                                           |  37 kB     00:00     
updates                                                                     | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                                                          | 5.2 MB     00:30     
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package stress.x86_64 0:1.0.4-4.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                  Version                     Repository           Size
===================================================================================================
Installing:
 stress                x86_64                1.0.4-4.el6                 epel                 36 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)
Total download size: 36 k
Installed size: 89 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
stress-1.0.4-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                                               |  36 kB     00:01     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : stress-1.0.4-4.el6.x86_64                                                       1/1 
  Verifying  : stress-1.0.4-4.el6.x86_64                                                       1/1 
Installed:
  stress.x86_64 0:1.0.4-4.el6                                                                      
Complete!
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现在我们可以使用命令 stress 来负载我们的机器。例如,通过指定两个 CPU 密集型进程一个 I/O 密集型进程一个内存分配器进程,对系统施加 4 个平均负载,如下所示。以下压力测试将运行 1 小时。

[root@localhost tmp]# stress -c 2 -i 1 -m 1 --vm-bytes 128M -t 3600s
stress: info: [1574] dispatching hogs: 2 cpu, 1 io, 1 vm, 0 hdd
stress: info: [1574] successful run completed in 3600s
[root@localhost tmp]# ./stats.sh 
Memory  Disk  CPU
20.48%  7%  1.21%  
20.48%  7%  1.02%  
20.48%  7%  0.94%  
21.89%  7%  1.18%  
20.68%  7%  1.41%  
22.09%  7%  1.62%  
24.10%  7%  1.81%  
24.90%  7%  1.98%  
32.93%  7%  2.14%  
30.32%  7%  2.29%  
20.58%  7%  2.63%  
27.91%  7%  2.82%  
20.48%  7%  2.59%  
20.48%  7%  2.38%  
20.48%  7%  2.19%  
20.48%  7%  2.02%  
20.48%  7%  1.86%
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关于如何为所有系统管理员创建一个非常容易且有用的 bash 脚本的教程到此结束。

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