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How to use Linux tools to monitor and manage system CPU usage

Feb 12, 2024 pm 06:50 PM
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对于使用 Linux 系统的用户来说,了解系统 CPU 的使用情况是至关重要的。无论是开发人员还是管理员,都需要监控和管理系统的 CPU 使用率,以确保系统的稳定性和性能。本文将向您介绍如何使用 Linux 命令行工具来监控和管理系统的 CPU 使用率,并提供一些有用的技巧和建议。

如何使用 Linux 工具监控和管理系统 CPU 使用率

什么是 ps 命令

ps 是进程状态processes status,它显示有关系统上活动/正在运行的进程的信息。

它提供了当前进程的快照以及详细信息,例如用户名、用户 ID、CPU 使用率、内存使用率、进程开始日期和时间等。

1)检查高 CPU 消耗进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间的 Bash 脚本

该脚本将帮助你确定高 CPU 消耗进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间。

# vi /opt/scripts/long-running-cpu-proc.sh
#!/bin/bash

ps -eo pid,user,ppid,%mem,%cpu,cmd --sort=-%cpu | head | tail -

n +2 | awk '{print $1}' > /tmp/long-running-processes.txt
echo "--------------------------------------------------

"
echo "UName PID CMD Process_Running_Time"
echo "------------------------
--------------------------"
for userid in `cat /tmp/long-running-processes.txt`
do
username=$(ps -u -p $userid | tail -1 | awk '{print $1}')
pruntime=$(ps -p $userid -o etime | tail -1)
ocmd=$(ps -p $userid | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}')
echo "$username $userid $ocmd $pruntime"
done | column -t
echo "--------------------------------------------------"
Copy after login

给 long-running-cpu-proc.sh 设置可执行的 Linux 文件权限。

# chmod +x /opt/scripts/long-running-cpu-proc.sh
Copy after login

运行此脚本时,你将获得类似以下的输出:

# sh /opt/scripts/long-running-cpu-proc.sh

 
----------------------------------------------------
UName PID CMD Process_Running_Time
----------------------------------------------------
daygeek 5214 Web 01:18:48
daygeek 5748 Web 01:08:20
daygeek 8043 inkscape 22:11
daygeek 5269 Web 01:18:31
daygeek 1712 Web 10:44:50
daygeek 5335 RDD 01:17:54
daygeek 1639 firefox 10:44:51
daygeek 7793 nautilus 24:14
daygeek 6301 Web 57:40
----------------------------------------------------
Copy after login

2)检查高内存消耗进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间的 Bash 脚本

该脚本将帮助你确定最大的内存消耗进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间。

# sh /opt/scripts/long-running-memory-proc.sh

 
#!/bin/bash

ps -eo pid,user,ppid,%mem,%cpu,cmd --sort=-%mem | head | tail -

n +2 | awk '{print $1}' > /tmp/long-running-processes-1.txt
echo "--------------------------------------------------

"
echo "UName PID CMD Process_Running_Time"
echo "-----------------------------
---------------------"
for userid in `cat /tmp/long-running-processes-1.txt`
do
username=$(ps -u -p $userid | tail -1 | awk '{print $1}')
pruntime=$(ps -p $userid -o etime | tail -1)
ocmd=$(ps -p $userid | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}')
echo "$username $userid $ocmd $pruntime"
done | column -t
echo "--------------------------------------------------"
Copy after login

给 long-running-memory-proc.sh 设置可执行的 Linux 文件权限。

# chmod +x /opt/scripts/long-running-memory-proc.sh
Copy after login

运行此脚本时,你将获得类似以下的输出:

# sh /opt/scripts/long-running-memory-proc.sh

 
----------------------------------------------------
UName PID CMD Process_Running_Time

----------------------------------------------------
daygeek 1639 firefox 10:44:56
daygeek 2997 Web 10:39:54
daygeek 5269 Web 01:18:37
daygeek 1712 Web 10:44:55
daygeek 8043 inkscape 22:17
daygeek 5214 Web 01:18:54
daygeek 1898 Web 10:44:48
daygeek 1129 Xorg 10:45:07
daygeek 6301 Web 57:45
----------------------------------------------------
Copy after login

在本文中,我们介绍了如何使用 Linux 命令行工具来监控和管理系统的 CPU 使用率,包括 top、htop、ps 等常用命令。我们还提供了一些实用的技巧和建议,可以帮助您更好地优化系统性能,提高运行效率。希望通过阅读本文,您可以更好地了解系统 CPU 的使用情况,同时也能够更好地管理和优化 Linux 系统的性能。

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