How to check hardware information under Linux?

During the development process of linux, we sometimes need to know the current hardware information, such as: cpu core? Usage? Memory size and usage? Is the usb device recognized? etc. The following are some commonly used hardware check commands.

lshw

lshw This command is a relatively general tool that can list the hardware information of the machine in detail. But this command is not available in all distributions. For example, Fedora does not have it by default and you need to install it yourself.

lshw can extract hardware information from each /proc file, such as: CPU, memory, USB controller, hard disk, etc. Without options, the information listed will be very long. With the -short option, only summary information will be listed.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ sudo lshw -short
#篇幅关系，以下结果有删减
H/W path            Device      Class          Description
==========================================================
                                system         Bochs
/0                              bus            Motherboard
/0/0                            memory         96KiB BIOS
/0/401                          processor      Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-26xx v4
/0/1000                         memory         2GiB System Memory
/0/1000/0                       memory         2GiB DIMM RAM
/0/100                          bridge         440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
/0/100/1                        bridge         82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1/0.1.0    /dev/cdrom  disk           QEMU DVD-ROM
/0/100/1.2/1        usb1        bus            UHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1.3                      bridge         82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
/0/100/4/0/1        /dev/vda1   volume         49GiB EXT3 volume
/0/100/5                        generic        Virtio memory balloon
/0/100/5/0                      generic        Virtual I/O device
/0/1                            system         PnP device PNP0b00
/0/2                            input          PnP device PNP0303

lscpu

lscpu can list the CPU related information of this machine. This command does not have any options or parameters.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                1
On-line CPU(s) list:   0
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 79
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-26xx v4
Stepping:              1
CPU MHz:               2399.988
BogoMIPS:              4799.97
Hypervisor vendor:     KVM
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0

lsusb

lsusb Lists the information of all USB devices connected to this machine. By default, only summary information is listed. Use the -v option to list detailed information for each USB port.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

lsscsi

lsscsi can list SCSI/SATA device information such as hard disk/optical drive.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ lsscsi
[0:0:1:0]    cd/dvd  QEMU     QEMU DVD-ROM     1.2.  /dev/sr0

lspci

lspci lists all PCI buses, and details of all devices connected to the PCI bus, such as VGA adapters, graphics cards, network adapters, USB ports, SATA controllers, etc.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)
00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 03)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446
00:03.0 Ethernet controller: Red Hat, Inc Virtio network device
00:04.0 SCSI storage controller: Red Hat, Inc Virtio block device
00:05.0 Unclassified device [00ff]: Red Hat, Inc Virtio memory balloon

df

df command can list the size, usage, usage, mount point and other information of different partitions. With the -h option, the size can be expressed in units of k, M, G, etc., otherwise it defaults to It's bytes, not easy to read.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        50G  7.5G   40G  16% /
devtmpfs        911M     0  911M   0% /dev
tmpfs           920M   68K  920M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           920M  364K  920M   1% /run
tmpfs           920M     0  920M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/1000

free

The

free command can view the total amount of used, idle and RAM in the system, usually with the -m parameter.

[alvin@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1839         221         156           0        1461        1400
Swap:             0           0           0

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