MYSQL表空间迁移_MySQL
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MYSQL表空间迁移
有如下原因你可能需要将InnoDB表复制到不同的数据库服务器上。
不增加生产负载的情况下生成 一个报表
在一个新的服务器上建立一个和生产上数据相同的表
做一个备份在发生问题或错误操作时用于恢复
快速将数据从一个服务器迁移到另一个服务器
命令FLUSH TABLES ... FOREXPORT 使.ibd文件保持一致的状态。只有文件处于一致的状态我们才可以复制它。这个文件也会同时创建一个扩展名.cfg的二进制的文件。命令ALTER TABLE ...IMPORT TABLESPACE 会使用这个二进制文件对导入过程进行校验。
对于 MySQL 5.6.8版本, ALTER TABLE ...IMPORT TABLESPACE 命令不再一定需要一个扩展名为.cfg二进制文件了。但如果真的没有这个文件我们会收到下面这样一个警告。
Message:InnoDB: IO Read error: (2, No such file or directory) Error opening './
test/t.cfg',will attempt to import without schema verification
1row in set (0.00 sec)
这个特性有时候还是很有用的。比如,在模式不匹配的导入过程中,或者在一些需要恢复的情景下,元数据又不能从.ibd文件获得,则这个命令不需要一个扩展名为.cfg的二进制文件就可以导入的特性就很有用。
可迁移表空间的限制:
innodb_file_per_table 一定要打开成 ON. 在共享表空间上的表不能使用这个特性。
当表处理静默状态时,只有只读语句可以使用这张表。
当导入表空间时,目的库的页尺寸要和源库的页尺寸相匹配。
DISCARD TABLESPACE 不支持分区表。如果你在分区表上使用命令 ALTER TABLE ... DISCARD TABLESPACE 你会看到如下错误: ERROR 1031 (HY000): 表引擎没有这个选项。
DISCARD TABLESPACE 命令不支持有父子关系的表。如果 foreign_key_checks 被设置成1. 在使用命令之前我们可以将这一参数设置为0. foreign_key_checks=0.
ALTER TABLE ... IMPORT TABLESPACE 命令在导入表时不会检查主外键关系。
如果是实时复制的时候, innodb_file_per_table 必需在主服务和从服务上设置为ON。
下面来看一个实例:
在源服务器上我们来对city表进行迁移:
1. mysql> use test;C:/C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQLServer 5.6/data/world2. C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQLServer 5.6/data/world>dir3. Volume in drive C has no label.4. Volume Serial Number is D0FA-F7A05. Directory of C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server5.6/data/world6. 10/08/2013 03:15 PM <DIR> .7. 10/08/2013 03:15 PM <DIR> ..8. 10/08/2013 03:15 PM 8,710 city.frm9. 10/08/2013 03:15 PM 273,293 city.MYD10.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 43,008 city.MYI11.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 9,172 country.frm12.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 0 country.MYD13.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 5,120 country.MYI14.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 8,702 countrylanguage.frm15.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 38,376 countrylanguage.MYD16.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 18,432 countrylanguage.MYI17.10/08/2013 03:15 PM 61 db.opt18. 10File(s) 404,874 bytes19. 2 Dir(s) 224,709,537,792 bytes free20.mysql> use world21.Database changed22.mysql> show tables;23.+-----------------+24.| Tables_in_world |25.+-----------------+26.| city |27.| country |28.| countrylanguage |29.+-----------------+30.3 rows in set (0.00 sec)31.mysql> flush table cityfor export;32.ERROR 1031 (HY000): Table storage engine for 'city' doesn't havethis option33.mysql> alter table cityengine=innodb;34.mysql> flush table cityfor export; --对表加锁。35.Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)36.
复制表文件到目标位置
C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data/world>mkdir city
C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data/world>copy city.* city
city.cfg
city.frm
city.ibd
3 file(s) copied.
C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data/world>cd city
C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data/world/city>dir
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is D0FA-F7A0
Directory of C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data/world/city
10/10/2013 10:58 AM
10/10/2013 10:58 AM
10/10/2013 10:53 AM 582 city.cfg
10/10/2013 10:53 AM 8,710 city.frm
10/10/2013 10:53 AM 475,136 city.ibd
3 File(s) 484,428 bytes
2 Dir(s) 224,676,024,320 bytes free
在目标库上删除可能存在的同名表空间。
mysql> unlock tables;--释放锁。2. Query OK, 0 rowsaffected (0.07 sec)3. mysql> alter table city discard tablespace;删除可能存在的同名表空间4. Query OK, 0 rowsaffected (0.23 sec)5. mysql> selectcount(*) from city;6. ERROR 1814 (HY000):Tablespace has been discarded for table 'city'7. mysql> alter tablecity import tablespace;8. ERROR 1146 (42S02):Table 'world.city' doesn't exist9. C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQLServer 5.6/data/world/city>copy city.* ..10.city.cfg11.city.frm12.Overwrite ../city.frm? (Yes/No/All): yes13.Access is denied.14.city.ibd15. 2 file(s) copied.16.C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data/world/city>17.mysql> alter table city import tablespace;18.Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.94 sec)19.mysql> select count(*) from city;20.+----------+21.| count(*) |22.+----------+23.| 4079 |24.+----------+25.1 row in set (0.08 sec)
表空间被成功。
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