Explore the input format and usage of scanf function in C language

Detailed explanation of the input format and usage of the scanf function in C language

The scanf function in C language is a method used to read data from the standard input stream The function. It can read different types of data according to the defined format string and assign it to the corresponding variables. This article will introduce the input format of the scanf function and its usage in detail, and provide specific code examples.

1. Basic input format:

The basic input format of the scanf function consists of conversion specifiers and modifiers, which are used to specify the data type to be read. Commonly used conversion specifiers and modifiers are as follows:

• %d: used to read decimal integers.
• %f: used to read floating point numbers.
• %c: used to read a single character.
• %s: used to read strings.
• %%: used to read the percent sign.
• %lf: used to read double-precision floating point numbers.

2. Format modification:

In addition to conversion specifiers, the scanf function can also use format modifiers to limit the format of the input data. The following are some common modifiers:

• *: Skip the data and do not read it into any variables.
• Number: Specify the maximum number of characters to read.
• h: used to read short integer.
• l: Used to read long integer and double precision floating point numbers.

3. Input example:

The following uses specific code examples to introduce how to use the scanf function.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int age;
    float height;
    char name[20];

    printf("请输入您的年龄：");
    scanf("%d", &age);

    printf("请输入您的身高（米）：");
    scanf("%f", &height);

    printf("请输入您的姓名：");
    scanf("%s", name);

    printf("您的年龄是：%d
", age);
    printf("您的身高是：%.2f米
", height);
    printf("您的姓名是：%s
", name);

    return 0;
}

In the above example, we first declared an integer variable age, a floating point variable height and a character array name. Then use the printf function to output the prompt information respectively.

Next, read the age, height and name entered by the user through the scanf function. As you can see, for integer and floating-point variables, we need to use the & symbols to get the address of the variable, while for character arrays, we use the variable name directly.

Finally, use the printf function to output the read data.

4. Note:

• Before using the scanf function, it is best to use the fflush function to clear the input buffer to avoid reading erroneous data.
• Since the scanf function uses spaces as delimiters when reading strings, for strings containing spaces, you need to use the format of `%[^
  ]` to read the entire line of input.

Summary: The scanf function is a commonly used input function in C language. It can read different types of data through a combination of simple format strings and modifiers. When using it, you need to pay attention to the use of conversion specifiers and modifiers, and avoid the impact of the input buffer to ensure that the correct data is read. The above is a detailed introduction to the scanf function input format and its usage. I hope it will be helpful to readers.

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